Unit1 That must be a record 一项纪录
一、自主学习 ——课文背景知识
《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》以猎奇取胜，十分迎合西方读者的口味，并形成了一种“吉尼斯运动”。国外有许多人在千方百计创造各种离奇的纪录，以使自己的名字列入书中。这本书本身也列入了世界之最。在英国图书馆里，被人偷走最多的一本书就是《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》。
《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》英文版现已在70多个国家发行，并且有22个非英语版本。目前，全球累计销量超过9500万册。
吉尼斯世界纪录还拥有自己的博物馆。1978年在哥特林伯格的吉尼斯博物馆第一次对外开放。它是目前仍在运营的最早的吉尼斯博物馆。在这里你能找到“披头士”最早期的物品等“世界之最”。
吉尼斯还有其它方面的成就，如《吉尼斯英国热门金曲》于1977年首次发行，而今已发行第13版了。还有自20世纪90年代起开播的《吉尼斯世界纪录》电视，现在世界各地的35个国家播放。在2000年里又开设了网站（guinnessworldrecords.com），只要轻轻按动一下鼠标，纪录大全及创纪录过程中所有的奇迹、壮观及兴奋状态都会尽收眼底。每个月其网页都要被点击约825万次。
吉尼斯出版公司已经不仅仅是出一本书而已，因此，在1999年7月更名为吉尼斯世界纪录有限公司。
每年全球各地成千上万人申报吉尼斯世界纪录，仅在2001年就有6万人申报了纪录，成功的大有人在。目前从申报资料的统计结果来看，申报最多的地区依次为：美国、英国、澳大利亚和印度。
二、互动平台
——课文译文和疑难详解
READING 阅读
THE GUINNESS BOOK OF WORLD RECORDS
In 1951, the then director of the Guinness Brewery, Sir Hugh Beaver, wanted to settle an argument about the fastest bird in Europe. After talking to his friends, he concluded that a book that answered such questions might be popular. The Guinness company hired Norris and Ross Mc Whirter to write what later became The Guinness Book of Records.① The first edition was published in 1955 and has been a best-seller ever since.② More than 60,000 new records are sent into the book each year,but they cannot all be printed. ③ Instead, the editors of the book set down the records and keep track of them in other ways. The records are put into different categories. The Guinness Book of World Records has chapters on the human body, amazing feats, the natural world, science and technology, arts and the media, modern society, travel and transport, and sports and games. [JP4]You can learn that the oldest person is a woman who lived to be 122 years and 164 days, that the longest moustache reached a length of 1.6 metres and that the longest poisonous snake is 5.71 metres
吉尼斯世界纪录
1951年，当时的黑啤酒厂主管，休•比维， 想解决关于欧洲最快的鸟的争论。在跟朋友交谈之后， 他相信一本解答此类问题的书也许会受欢迎。 于是该公司雇佣诺里斯和罗斯•麦科沃特写下了后来成为《吉尼斯世界纪录》的书。 第一版于1955年出版而且自从那时以来就已是畅销书。
每年有60000多条新的纪录被送来， 但并不是都被印出来。而是由编辑们记下这些纪录，用其他的方式让人们明了。 纪录被编入不同的类别。《吉尼斯世界纪录》有以下类别：人体，令人惊奇的技艺，自然世界， 科学技术，艺术和传媒，现代社会，旅行和交通， 以及竞技和游戏。从中你可以了解到：最长寿的人是一个122岁又164天的女人，最长的胡须长达1.6米，还有最长的毒蛇有5.71米。
① 【问】 句子结构是怎样的？what 的用法是什么？
【答】 句子结构为主句加宾语从句。what引导的从句作write的宾语，同时what 在句中作主语。what与that 的区别：what在名词性从句中必须充当某一成分（主、宾、表语），具有一定的含义，因此在任何情况下都不能省略；而that本身没有词汇意义，在从句中也不充当任何成分，只起一个引导词的作用，在口语中，宾语从句中that往往省略。如：
What we need is more time = All (that )we need is more time.我们需要的是更多的时间。
They are just what I shall have = They are just the thing (that) I shall have. 它们正是我会拥有的东西。
由此可知，名词性从句中的what等于定语从句中的“先行词+that”, 又如：
I don’t believe what he said. =I don’t believe the words (that) he said.
此外还须注意：
(1) 由that引导的主语从句位于句首时，that不能省略：That he has been lost is quite clear now. 他已失踪，此事现在已经很清楚。
(2) 如果宾语从句有补助词，用it作形式宾语时，引导宾语从句的that不能省略：They want to make it clear that they do an important and necessary job.他们想使这点清楚，即他们做的是重要而且必要的工作。
(3) 表语从句和同位语从句中的that也不能省略：Who told you the news that our team had won? 谁告诉你我们队赢了的消息的？
② 【问】 ever since 是什么用法？
【答】 ever since 出现在句中，谓语动词用现在完成时或过去完成时，如：
He left home two weeks ago and we haven’t heard from him ever since. 他两年前离家，从那时起我们从未收到他的音信。
since 也常与完成时态连用或用“it is + 一段时间 + since...” 的句型。如：
I haven’t eaten since breakfast.早饭后我什么都没吃。
She’s been working in a bank since leaving school. 她毕业以来一直在银行工作。
③ 【问】 部分否定与全部否定有何区别？
【答】 all 与not连用，表示部分否定。many, both, every等也与not连用，表示部分否定。两者的全部否定用neither，三者以上的全部否定用none, no one, nobody等。如：
All the girls don’t like dancing. = Not all the girls like dancing.并不是所有的女孩喜欢跳舞。
Both of us didn’t attend the meeting. = Not both of us attended the meeting. 我们并不是两个都参加了会议。
Neither of us attended the meeting. 我们俩都没开会。
long. And there are also strange records, like the Englishman who balanced a small car weighing 159.6 kilograms on his head for thirtythree seconds! ④There are many Chinese records. For example, Tian’anmen Square is the largest square in the world with an area of about 40 hectares. China has the greatest number of hospitals in the world and Urumqi is the most remote city from the sea — it is 2,500 kilometres from the nearest coast. A special and delicious record was set in 1997 to celebrate Hong Kong’s return to China. The world’s largest jiaoziwas made, weighing an incredible 480 kilograms!
Many of the records in The Guinness Book of World Records come from the world of sports. Among the brilliant athletic achievements, a few records stand out because of the moving life stories behind them. ⑤ The Guinness world record for the fastest average speed at the Tour de France was set in 1999 by the American cyclist Lance Armstrong. Impressive as the record is, it fades next to the story of Armstrong’s struggle against disease. ⑥ In 1996 Armstrong, the then No 1 cyclist in the world, was diagnosed with cancer and many thought that it meant the end of his career, maybe even his life. In 1998, however, Armstrong returned to the world of racing. He went on to set the speed record and achieve his goal of winning the Tour de France six times in a row in 2004.
Why are people so interested in world records? Part of
还有一些奇怪的纪录，如：一位英国人用他的头顶着一辆重达159.6千克的小汽车保持平衡达33秒！也有许多中国的纪录。 例如： 面积达40公顷的天安门广场是世界上最大的广场，中国有世界上最多的医院，乌鲁木齐是离海最遥远的城市 ——离最近的海岸有2500千里.为庆祝香港回归中国一个特别而美味的纪录产生在1997年。即人们制作了世上最大的饺子，重达不可思议的480千克！
《吉尼斯世界纪录》中的许多纪录来自于体育世界。 在众多卓越的运动成就中，[KG7]有一些纪录由于背后感人的生命故事而特别突出。1999年环法自行车赛中美国自行车运动员兰斯•阿姆斯特朗创下了最快的平均速度这一吉尼斯世界纪录。 尽管这个纪录使人印象深刻，但也逊色于阿姆斯特朗与疾病作斗争的故事。在1996年，阿姆斯特朗，这位当时的世界一号自行车运动员被诊断患有癌症，而且许多人认为这意味着他的事业，甚至他的生命的结束。然而在1998年， 阿姆斯特朗回到径赛世界。 他继续创下速度纪录而且在2004年达到了连续六年在环法自行车赛获胜的目标。
为什么人们对世界纪录如此感兴趣？ 部分
④ 【问】句子结构是什么？weighing是什么用法？
【答】 who引导的是定语从句，修饰the Englishman；从句中还有一个weighing引导的-ing短语作定语，修饰a small car。
-ing形式作定语，通常修饰名词或代词，注意其位置：单个的形式放在所修饰的名词前，表示一个正在进行的动作或说明某种性质、特征。如： a developing world, a walking person
若形式有自己的宾语或状语，作定语时位于被修饰的词之后。
The girl playing the piano in the next room is my daughter.
There is a tall building standing over there.
-ing形式也常作状语，如在The world’s largest jiaozi was made, weighing an incredible 480 kilograms!句中，-ing短语作伴随状语，常放在句后。
⑤ 【问】 stand out 有哪些意思？
【答】 此句中的stand out 意为“突出，显著”，还有“显眼，远远超过某人（某物）；坚持抵抗”等意思。如：
Her work stands out from the rest as easily the best. 她的工作成绩远比其他人都好。
We managed to stand out against all attempts to close the company down.. 我们竭力顶住了要关闭公司的一切做法。
stand out还可以构成以下短语：stand by在场，袖手旁观；stand for 代表，表示，象征；stand in 当替身，代替；stand up 耐久，成立；stand up for维护；拥护，支持。
⑥【问】 这是什么句型？
【答】 前句是倒装句型，句中的impressive作表语，提前到句首；句子结构为：形容词/副词/动词/名词+as/though+主语+谓语动词，充当让步状语从句。as理解为“尽管”。如：
Tall as he is, he cannot reach the top shelf. 尽管他高，他也够不着书架顶端。
Fast as he ran, he missed the first bus. 尽管他跑快，他还是错过了头班车。
上述例句中的as 都可以用though来代替。
⑦【问】 that引导的是什么从句？ lead to的用法是什么？
【答】 that引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词the curiosity, 此处关系代词用that指“同样的好奇心”。the same /such+先行词，从句也常用as引导，表示“与……一样的人或物”。如：
She is wearing the same dress as Kelin wore at Mary’s wedding party. 她穿着的裙子和凯林在玛丽的婚礼上穿的一样。
lead to 有以下用法：
(1) lead sb. to sth./to do sth.引导某人（做某事）；
What led you to this conclusion? 你怎样得出这个结论的？
(2) led to sth.导致某种结果：
The misprint led to great confusion. 错误的印刷导致很大的混淆。
Your work seems to be leading nowhere.你的工作似乎不会有什么结果。
the reason for our interest is probably the same curiosity that led Sir Hugh to write The Guinness Book of World Records in the first place. ⑦ We want to know what is possible and find out just how far we can push ourselves. Clearly, we are also entertained by accounts of strange and unusual deeds and facts. Whether we are out to set a new record ourselves or simply enjoy reading about champions, The Guinness Book of World Records makes for interesting reading. ⑧Anybody can try to set a record. There are, however, some records that the book does not accept. No records that are dangerous to the person who is attempting it or to others are allowed. ⑨ If you want to try to set a record, you should first contact The Guinness Book of World Records. The editors will decide if you idea is suitable and then send you rules and the form you need to apply for the record. Afterwards, if all goes well, a Guinness official will come to inspect your attempt. If you are successful, the official will confirm the record and you will get a certificate from The Guinness Book of World Records stating that you are a world record holder!
原因首先可能在于与休先生同样的好奇心，这份好奇导致他写下《吉尼斯世界纪录》。我们想知道什么是可能的，而且发现我们能达到什么程度。很清楚，我们对奇特非凡的行为的报告感兴趣。无论是我们自己去创造一个新纪录，还是仅仅喜爱阅读有关冠军的事迹，《吉尼斯世界纪录》都能成为有趣的阅读。
任何人都可以尝试破一个纪录。 然而有些纪录是这本书不能接受的。对于尝试它的本人或别人有危险的纪录是不允许的。如果你想尝试破一个纪录，你首先得跟《吉尼斯世界纪录》联系,]编辑们会决定你的主意是否合适,给你发来申请纪录所需的表格和规定。然后，如果一切进展顺利，一位吉尼斯官员会来调查你尝试的项目.如果你成功了，这位官员会确认你的纪录，而且你会得到来自《吉尼斯世界纪录》的证书，表明你是一个世界纪录保持者！
⑧ 【问】 句子结构是怎样的？make for是什么意思？
【答】 whether引导的是状语从句，make for固定短语，意为“朝某方向移动”；“有助于，有利于某事”。The ship made for the open sea. 轮船驶向公海。
Constant arguing doesn’t make for a happy marriage.经常的争吵不利于维系和美的婚姻。
⑨【问】 该句的句子结构是什么？
【答】 No records are allowed.是主句，that引导的是定语从句，修饰records；从句中还有一个who引导的定语从句修饰the person。
注意以下两点：
(1) 先行词是由no, none, nothing, all, much, little, everything等构成的短语时，从句一般用that引导。如：
I will tell you everything that I know about it. 我将告诉你有关这事的一切。
(2) that, who, which 在从句中做作主语时，从句中的谓语动词应与先行词的数保持一致。如：
He is one of the teachers who were praised at the meeting. 他是在会上受到表扬的老师之一。
He is the only one of the teachers who was invited to give a lecture.他是被邀请去演讲的唯一的老师。
INTEGRATING SKILLS 综合技巧
Reading 阅读
ARE YOU EXPERIENCED?
“Hey man, try that 360 again!” It is Saturday afternoon and a group of teenagers are trying new tricks on the park’s skating ramp. Every weekend, after finishing their homework, Lin Yong and about a dozen of his friends grab their wheels and head down to the park to hang ten.
Lin Yong is seventeen and a skilful skateboarder. He and his friends decided to build the ramp three years ago after watching a skateboarding competition on TV. Together with two of his classmates, Lin Yong went to the local
park and told the park administration about their plans.
你体验了极限运动吗?
“喂，再试一次360度！”这是星期天的下午，一伙十几岁的孩子正在公园的斜坡弯道上尝试新技巧。每个周末做完作业后，林勇和他的一打朋友就会抓起滑板，奔向公园去练腾空技术。
林勇十七岁，是一个熟练的玩滑板的人。三年前看了电视上一场滑板比赛后他和朋友们决定建一个斜坡弯道。 林勇跟两个同学一起，来到当地的公园，与公园管理处谈了他们的计划。
【问】 together with 有什么用法？
【答】 它引导一个介词短语，在句中作状语，表示方式。它也用于主语之后，构成A+介词+B，这时谓语动词的形式根据A的单复数确定。如：
Mr. Smith, together with his sons is to arrive. 史密斯先生，将与他的儿子们一起到达。 Nobody but the officers has got the time to rest. 除了官员们以外没人有时间休息。
The factory, including its machines and buildings, was burnt last night. 这个工厂，包括它的机器和建筑，都在昨晚被烧毁了。
这类介词还有：with, except, but, besides, including, along with, like, as well as等。
Two weeks after the manager had given them his permission, the ramp was ready and the friends held a grand opening. "All of our schoolmates were here, as well as many of our parents and other kids from the neighbourhood. There were even some grandparents who came to see what it was all about." The ramp soon became popular and the teenagers have started a skateboarding club called Fun On Wheels.
Skateboards have been around since the 1970s, but they have recently become popular again. Many teenagers have discovered the skateboard as a result of TV shows, films, and competitions such as the X Games. The X Games are like Olympic Games for sports that are less familiar to us than sports like football and basketabll. A new generation of sports is capturing the hearts and minds of people who are willing to try something new. These new sports are called "extreme sports" and all centre on the "Xfactor" — the pure joy of doing something that you didn’t think you could do and overcoming your fears.
Extreme sports are different from regular sports. Instead of simply trying to defeat the other team or set a new record, many extreme sports are about beauty, harmony and thrills. In fact, some extreme sports are not really "sports" at all, because they do not have clear rules about winning or losing. The goal of a "competition" may simply be to have fun and enjoy the excitement of trying something new.
Lin Yong loves the feeling he gets when he is getting ready for a ride. "It’s hard to describe the feeling. I get excited and my heart beats faster. Then my mind becomes clear and I concentrate on the way my body moves in the air."
Watching Lin Yong and his friends fly through the air makes you wonder whether the sport is not too dangerous. “No,” Wang Wei, a sixteenyearold skater says, “All the riders wear helmets and other equipment to protect themselves. We don’t let anyone try a dangerous trick unless we know that they are skilled enough to perform it safely.” One thing is clear: these enthusiastic teenage skateboarders are enjoying every minute. Everyone smiles after a good ride and there is a strong feeling of friendship among the riders. As Lin Yong says, “Once you are Xperienced, your life will truly change!”
在管理者给予允许两个星期后，斜坡弯道就建好了，朋友们举行了盛大的开幕式。 “我们所有的同学都在这儿，还有我们的父母以及来自居民区的其他孩子。甚至还有一些爷爷奶奶们来看这一切是怎么回事。” 这个斜坡弯道大受欢迎而且孩子们成立了一个滑板俱乐部，称为“轮上的乐趣”。
自从二十世纪七十年代以来滑板就已存在，但直到最近才又开始流行。许多青少年是从电视节目，电影，以及诸如极限运动的竞赛中了解到滑板的。极限运动就象奥运会中的一些不如足球和篮球那样为我们熟知的项目。新一代的运动正在吸引那些愿意尝试新东西的人的心。这些新的运动被称为“极限运动”而且一切集中在“极限因素”上——即做你过去认为你不能做的事和克服恐惧的那种纯粹的快乐。
极限运动区别于常规运动。不是简单地试图打败对方或者建一个新纪录，许多极限运动是展现美，和谐和刺激的。 一些极限运动并不完全是真正意义上的“运动”，因为它们没有关于输赢的清楚的规则.一场“比赛”的目的可能仅仅是玩得高兴，以及体验尝试新东西的兴奋。
林勇喜欢他在为一个动作做准备时的那种感觉，“很难描述那种感觉，我兴奋起来，心跳加速。[KG24]然后我的思维变得清晰，注意力集中在我的身体在空中的动作。”
看着林勇和他的朋友在空中翻腾，你会怀疑这项运动是否太危险。 不，”王伟，一个十六岁的玩滑板的孩子回答，“所有的玩滑板的人都戴了头盔和其他的保护设备。我们不会让任何人尝试危险的技术动作，除非我们知道他们足够熟练得以安全完成这个动作。”一件事是清楚的：这些满腔热情的玩滑板的青少年正在享受每一分钟。在一次好的动作之后每人发出微笑，并且他们感受到强烈的友情。正如林勇所说，“一旦你体验了极限运动，你的生活会真正改变！”
【问】 as well as 怎样使用？
【答】 as well as 常用来连接两个并列成分，可译为“除……之外;和”, 强调的重点在第一个成分。如：
He has experience as well as knowledge. 他既有知识，又有经验。
He gave me money as well as advice. 他除了给我忠告外，还给我钱。
如果连接的两个成分作主语，谓语动词的数和第一个成分保持一致。如：
The teacher as well as his students is eager to know the result. 老师和学生一样急于看到结果。
You as well as I are right. 我是对的，你也是对的。
as well 意为“也，还”，相当于too,通常位于句末。如：
He gave me advice, and money as well. 他给了我忠告，还给我钱。
She went there as well. 她也去了那儿。
B12
【问】 instead of 与instead的用法有何区别？
【答】 instead of “取代，替代，而不是”，可接名词、代词、形容词、副词、-ing分词或介词短语。如：
We ate fish instead of meat. 我们吃的是鱼而不是肉。
He walks slowly instead of quickly.他走得慢，而不是快。
instead本身是副词，可表示instead of it/that 之意，如：
They went to the hospital but we went to the school instead. 他们去了医院而我们去了学校。
B13
【问】 watching短语是什么用法？
【答】 这是-ing短语作主语，相当于一个名词。它具有此功能时常充当主语、表语、宾语。如：
Reading English is easier than speaking it. 读英语要比说它容易得多。
My job is taking care of the noisy children.我的工作是照看这些吵闹的孩子们。
也常用it作先行词，把-ing形式放在后面。如：
It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
It’s a waste of time arguing about it. 争论这事是浪费时间。
三、高考链接——高考热点例题与解析
1. It is easy to do the repair. _________ you need is a hammer and some nails. (天津2004)
A. Something B. All C. Both D. Everything
【解析】 答案是B。从语法角度来看，空格处所填词应充当主语，同时又是定语从句you need的先行词；从意义角度看，表达“你所需要的是一把锤子和一些钉子”，故选all. 注意区别不同的不定代词的用法。
2. A modern city has been set up in _________ was a waste land ten years ago. (天津2004)
A. what B. which C. that D. where
【解析】 答案是A。由题意可知从句作介词in的宾语，且从句需要有主语，故选what，that在名词性从句中不充当任何成份，只起一个连接词的作用，而what在从句中既可作动词和介词的宾语，也可作句子的主语或表语等。
3. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _________ by 2006. (2004 北京)
A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have completed
【解析】 答案是C。句子的主语是all construction work，will have been completed是将来完成时的被动语态，题干中的时间状语by 2006给出了最好的提示。
4. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _________ 50 million. (福建 2004)
A．have reached B.has reached C.are reaching D.had reached
【解析】答案是A。根据句子的意思，谓语动词应与主语the sales保持数的一致，故用复数形式。
四、学能测试——本单元高考适应性演练
一、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. The war and the suffering _________ caused affected him greatly.
A. that B. it C. which D. what
2. You were expected at the party, but to our disappointment, you didn’t _________ .
A. turn down B. turn up C. turn to D. turn off
3. Mary is interested in gymnastics, _________ her younger sister, Jane, shows no interest in it.
A. when B. as C. while D. where
4. The headmaster wanted the new classroom building _________ as soon as possible.
A. to put up B. to be put up C. to have been put up D. being put up
5. That kind of things _________ as important to everyone absent _________ to everyone present.
A. are; for B. is; as C. are; like D. is; from
6. It is necessary for a frog _________ under the mud to have hibernation.
A. to go deep B. going deep C. to go deeply D. doing deeply
7. ——I apologize for being so angry with you, I _________ to be so rude.
——It doesn’t matter.
A. don’t mean B. never mean C. didn’t mean D. hadn’t meant
8. _________ my arriving home, I discovered the room _________ .
A. At; broken B. In; broken away C. On; broken into D. With; broken down
9. If better use is _________ your spare time, you’ll make greater progress in that.
A. spent B. taken C. used of D. made of
10. The hotel _________ you are thinking, my dear, is just a bit too expensive for us, I’m afraid.
A. that B. where C. of which D. 不填
11. I couldn’t recognize him _________ and I had to think _________ before I remember his name.
A. for the moment; for a moment B. for a moment; for the moment
C. for a moment; for a moment D. for the moment; for the moment
12. The weather was so bad that we had no choice but _________ our plan.
A. give up B. giving up C. to give up D. gave up
13. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _________ have spoken at the meeting.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t
14. The teacher took his _________ after all the students _________ in the hall.
A. seat; seated B. seat; were seating C. place; were seated D. place; had seated
15. ——Is _________ all right with you to go shopping on Sunday?
——Any time will do.
A. that B. this C. it D. there
二、单词拼写——根据句意在空格处填上适当的英语单词。（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
16. The boy tried to climb through the window of the house, but it’s a t_________ fit.
17. The new e_________ of the dictionary will appear in the bookstores next week.
18. He has h_________ a car for two days.
19. When they heard the story, they b_________ into laughter.
20. Write your name and address in the b_________ spaces at the top of the page.
21. He is a s_________ and effortless mechanic.
22. You must ask for p_________ if you want to leave early.
23. How are you getting on with your study r_________ ?
24. I was d_________ to be invited to her party.
25. He was very c_________ when he was riding the horse.
三、完成句子——根据所给汉语完成下列句子。（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
26. He ________ (使观众感到满意) with his performance.
27. ________ (医生作出结论) that the patient’s disease was cancer.
28. How shall I set myself down ___________________ (在旅馆的登记簿上)?
29. He is very famous, because ___________________ (首先他是个科学家) and in the second place he is a naturalist.
30. The government sent an official ___________________ (来视察我们学校).
31. A driver should ___________________ (把注意力集中在道路上).
32. That woman ___________________ (放声大哭) when she heard the accident.
33. He gave me advice, ___________________ (还给我钱).
34. Who told you the news ___________________ (我们队赢了的)?
35. Constant arguing doesn’t ___________________ (维系和美的婚姻).
四、完形填空(共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案。
One summer night, on my way home from work I decided to see a movie. I knew the theater would be air-conditioned and I couldn’t face my 36) apartment. Sitting in the theater I had to look through the 37) between the two tall heads in front of me. I 38) to keep changing the angle (角度) every time she leaned over to talk to him, 39) he leaned over to kiss her. Why do Americans show such 40) in a public place? I thought the movie would be good for my English, but 41) it turned out, it was an Italian movie. 42) about an hour I decided to 43) on the movie and concentrate (集中精力) on my popcorn (爆玉米花). I’ve never understand why they give you so much popcorn! It tasted pretty good, 44) . After a while I heard 45) more of the romantic-sounding Italians. I just heard the 46) of the popcorn chewing between my teeth. My 47) started to wander.
I remembered when I was in South Korea, I 48) to watch Kojak on TV frequently. He spoke perfect Korean ——I was really amazed. He seemed like a good friend to me, 49) I saw him again in New York speaking 50) English instead of perfect Korean. He didn’t even have a Korean accent and I 51) like I had been betrayed (背叛). When our family moved top the United States six years ago, none of us spoke any English. 52) we had begun to learn a few words, my mother suggested that we all should speak English at home. Everyone agreed, but our house became very 53) and we all seemed to keep away from each other. We sat at the dinner table in silence, preferred that to 54) in a difficult language. Mother tried to say something in English but it 55) out all wrong and we all burst into laughter and decided to forget it! We’ve been speaking Korean at home ever since.
36. A. warm B. hot C. heated D. cool
37. A. distance B. blank C. break D. opening
38. A. planned B. intended C. meant D. had
39. A. while B. whenever C. or D. and
40. A. attraction B. attention C. love D. self-control
41. A. since B. when C. what D. as
42. A. Within B. After C. For D. Over
43. A. give up B. keep up C. carry on D. give away
44. A. too B. still C. though D. certainly
45. A. much B. any C. no D. few
46. A. voice B. sound C. noise D. burst
47. A. head B. thought C. feeling D. idea
48. A. enjoyed B. happened C. turned D. used
49. A. until B. because C. then D. therefore
50. A. poor B. informal C. perfect D. practical
51. A. felt B. looked C. seemed D. appeared
52. A. While B. If C. Before D. Once
53. A. empty B. quiet C. sad D. calm
54. A. telling B. pronouncing C. saying D. speaking
55. A. worked B. got C. came D. made
五、阅读理解(共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分)
阅读下列短文，并从每题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
A
The Bedouin people think most highly of people who show loyalty. To them loyalty does not mean that one is devoted to a country, a place, or a leader. Loyalty means being faithful to one’s family and tribe(部落).
The Bedouin people take pride in their ancestors. They do not admire a hero from an ordinary or poor family as much as one who comes from an honored family. They particularly respect those who have received a good name from their ancestors and then have passed it on to their children.
A man’s position among the black-tent people depends upon his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage(血统), and his tribe.
A man can protect his family’s honor by being brave and generous and by giving protection to those who ask for it. He also guards it by carefully watching the women of his family.
A Bedouin woman cannot bring honor to her family, but she can bring disgrace. Even if a woman only looks as if she has done wrong, she may be killed. The honor of her family depends upon her virtue (美德).
56. It can be inferred from the passage that a Bedouin man will feel disgraced if he _________ .
A．does not succeed in business
B．needs to ask for help from his brothers
C．does nothing when a member of his family is badly treated
D．does not help a stranger who asks for assistance
57. The Bedouin people respect those who _________ .
A．leave their families to seek success on their own
B．value their families more than anything else
C．become heroes with an ordinary family background
D．are. devoted to their country
58. We can learn from this passage that Bedouin women are _________ .
A．treated as the equals of men
B．listened to carefully when they tell their side of a story
C．respected for the many things they do
D．not respected as much as men
59. The word“disgrace”means _________ in this text.
A．honor B.danger C.pride D.shame
B
The producer appeared behind the recording studio window and smiled and waved to me like an old friend. And after I had read out a little test piece, he said, "That’s fine, wonderful, your voice is perfect, lovely, wonderful."Then I read a longer passage in English about the delights of touring in Britain, and another about the delights of visiting London, and both were"excellent"and"just right", and I began to consider a job in radio.
To be honest, I was fairly sure of myself though I lacked experience. Across the room in the Hamburg News Agency where we both worked, a friend named Peter Turner called to me,"I say, Mike, a man on the phone here wants someone to do a recording in English, and I’m booked up. Would you read something to him in English as a sort of test?"I did, and they said,"Perfect, lovely, wonderful, "Would I come round?
It was after reading their passage in English in the studio that they noticed my vowel pronunciations were not altogether King’s English, or even Prince Philip’s, there was a larger silence than usual, then the voice said: “Fine, lovely , but you said the word 'castle’ with a short 'a’. Could we have the passage again please, but this time say 'carsele’.”
This was easy. But then he noticed other differences in my pronunciation.
“It’s my northern English accent,” I said, angry, because I had to apologize for it.
“Oh, I see but Mr Jamieson, we’ll have to get it right, I’m afraid. The recording is for teaching English to German schoolchildren, and it must be spoken in the way it is taught in German schools.”
I read the passage again and again and again. But of course you cannot change the pronunciation of a lifetime in an hour. The studio men were in the state of having lost hope and underlined the vowels which caused me to feel angry, so that I’d remember them. Few, really. But because I had to concentrate(集中) on them, I made a lot of mistakes in my reading. Everyone got somewhat irritable(easily made angry), so we all went out for a beer.
60. Broadcasting did not make Mike nervous _________ .
A．although he had never done any before
B．because he worked in a news agency
C．because he was used to talking on the phone
D．although the passages were long
61. What happened after Mike had read the third passage?
A．They made him repeat it.
B．They said nothing.
C．They began to discuss the King’s English.
D．They could not understand one of the words.
62. They wanted Mike to change his pronunciation because _________ .
A．German schoolchildren did not like a northern accent
B．it was different from the English taught in German schools
C．it was different from the English spoken in Germany
D．German schoolchildren were taught through recordings
63. Why did Mike’s reading of the passage get worse?
A．He needed a drink to clear his throat.
B．He was trying to do the recording in an hour.
C．He was trying hard to get certain sounds right.
D．He could not learn so many new sounds.
C
We have seen that pesticides now pollute soil, water, and food, and that they have the power to make our rivers fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, however much he may like to pretend the opposite, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly spread throughout our world?
We know that even single exposure (暴露) to these chemicals, if the amount is large enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning. But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers, farm workers, and others exposed to enough quantities of pesticides is very sad and should not happen. For the population as a whole, we must pay more attention to the delayed effects of taking in small amounts of the pesticides that unseeably pollute our world.
Responsible(负责的) public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are increasing in amount over long periods of time, and that the danger to the man may depend on the amount of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. For these very reasons people easily take no notice of the danger. It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a future disaster(灾害).“Men are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obvious signs,”says a wise physician, Dr. Rene Dubos,“yet some of their worst enemies slowly come near them unnoticed.”
64. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence“Man, …, is part of nature.”
A．Man doesn’t care about what happens in nature.
B．Man acts as if he does not belong to nature.
C．Man can avoid the effects of environmental pollution.
D．Man can escape his responsibilities for environmental protection.
65. People are likely to take no notice of the delayed effects of exposure to chemicals because _________ .
A．limited exposure to them does little harm to people’s health
B．the present is more important to them than the future
C．the danger does not become seen clearly and immediately
D．humans are able to bear small amounts of poisoning
66. It can be concluded from what Dr Dubos says that _________ .
A．people find hidden diseases difficult to deal with
B．attacks by hidden enemies are likely to be deadly
C．diseases with obvious signs are easy to cure
D．people are likely to take no notice of hidden dangers caused by pesticides
D
For years it has been possible to set up cameras to take pictures of cars as they speed along highways, jump lights or drive too fast down the street.
However, even if the pictures are taken automatically(自动地), someone still has to do all the paperwork of sending out fines. But now a British company called EEV has come up with a computerized video system that can do it all automatically.
They suggest that all number plates have a bar code as well as the usual number. The bar codes are just stripes of lines like those you see on food packets but bigger. EEV’s high speed video camera system can read a bar-coded number plate even if the car is doing over 100 miles per hour. The computer controlling the system could then use the information from the bar code to find out the name and address of the driver (from the car records), print out the fine and send it off automatically. The inventors also suggest that the system should watch traffic to help catch stolen cars.
The new electronic system could be watching everyone that passes the cameras! Many people find the idea that"big brother is watching you"is more of a worry than a few motorists getting away with driving too fast. Besides, some people will be very unhappy to realize that with the new system the police should find out where a particular car has been.
67. The best title for the article can be _________ .
A．People Who Drive Too Fast
B．Stop People from Driving Too Fast
C．EEV and the Police System
D．A New Computerized System for Motoring Breaking Law
68. The former camera used by the traffic police system is to _________ .
A．take pictures of cars on highways
B．send fines to fast motorists
C．catch cars breaking traffic rules
D．make the traffic system fully automatic
69. The newly-invented system works much better with the aid of _________ .
A．car number plates B．car speeding records
C．bar code numbers on number plates D．print-out fines
70. An additional purpose of the new system is that it could _________ .
A．help catch stolen cars
B．add code numbers
C．watch everyone who drives too fast
D．print out bar codes automatically
71. “'Big brother is watching you’ is more of a worry than ...”means that many people _________ .
A．are more worried about fast-driving motorists than being watched on
B．find“big brothers”more worrying than motorists
C．are more worried about being watched on than about fast-driving motorists
D．find motorists more worried than“big brothers”
E
Looking back on my childhood, I realize that naturalists are born and not made. Although we were all brought up in the same way, my brothers and sisters soon gave up their pressed flowers and insects. Unlike them, I had no ear for music and languages. I was not an early reader and I could not do mental arithmetic.
Before World War I we spent our summer holidays in Hungary. I have only the unclear memory of the house we lived in, of my room and my toys. Nor do I recall clearly the large family of grandparents, aunts, uncles and cousins who gathered next door. But I do have a clear memory of the dogs, the farm animals, the local birds, and above all, the insects.
I am a naturalist, not a scientist. I have a strong love of the natural world and my eagerness has led me into varied studies or research. I love discussing my favorite topics and enjoy burning the midnight oil while reading about other people’s observations and discoveries. Then something happens that brings these observations together in my sensible mind. Suddenly you imagine you see the answer to the puzzling question, because it all seems to fit together. This has resulted in my publishing 300 papers and books, which some might honor with the title of scientific research.
But curiously, a sharp eye, a good memory and enjoyment of the animal and plant worlds do not make a scientist; one of the best-known and important qualities required is self-training, a quality I lack. A scientist requires not only self-discipline but hard training, determination and a goal. A scientist, up to a point, can be made. A naturalist is born. If you can combine the two, you get the best of both.
72. The first paragraph tells us the author _________ .
A．was interested in flowers and insects in his childhood
B．lost his hearing when he was a child
C．didn’t like his brothers and sisters
D．was born to a naturalist’s family
73. The author can’t remember his relatives clearly because _________ .
A．he didn’t live very long with them
B．the family was extremely large
C．he was too young when he lived with them
D．he was fully busy with observing nature
74. It can be inferred from the passage that the author was _________ .
A．a scientist but not a naturalist B．a naturalist as well as a scientist
C．no more than a born naturalist D．first of all a scientist
75. The author says that he is a naturalist rather than a scientist probably because he thinks he _________ .
A．has great deal of trouble doing mental arithmetic
B．lacks some of the qualities required of a scientist
C．just reads about other people’s observations and discoveries
D．comes up with answers in a most natural way
六、写 （共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾(√)；如有错误(每行只有一个错误)，则按下列情况改正：
该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。
该行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
该行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：原行没有错的不要改。
Now I have taken over ten years at school. As a child, 76. _________
I regarded the school a beautiful garden. I went to 77. _________
school happily and excited with a small bag. Time 78. _________
flew fast. Now I’m studying at a senior middle school. 79. _________
Every day morning, on my way to school, the rising sun 80. _________
greets me with a smile. At class I enjoy putting my 81. _________
heart into listening to the teachers. In the evening, I do 82. _________
exercises, like a farmer working hard, expect a good 83. _________
harvest. During breaks between class, I often go out for 84. _________
a rest. What happy my life is! I’m sure I will never forget 85. _________
the wonderful time at school.
第二节 书面表达 （满分25分）
假定你是一位中学教师李超，在现代生活中，越来越多的人购买小汽车，请根据下表中所提供的信息给某报社写一封信，谈谈你的观点和见解。可适当发挥，字数：100左右。
Advantages Disadvantages Suggestions
有小汽车能自由来去，节省时间，对于旅游比较舒适；比自行车安全。 太多的小汽车引起污染、造成交通拥挤并导致更多的交通事故。 政府适当控制小汽车的数量。
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