UNIT 2 Going where no one has gone before
探访处女地
一、自主学习 ——课文背景知识
尼罗河是世界上最长的河流，流域面积287万平方公里，约占非洲面积的10%。但是，河水平均入海流量每秒2300立方米，年径流量725亿立方米，却是世界上水量较少的大河。尼罗河两大支流，主支白尼罗河长约3650公里。它从乌干达西北部进入苏丹，汇纳百川，沟通众湖，水势浩大。但一到苏丹南部地区，因河道不畅，遂潴积成大片沼泽。这里阳光炽烈，气候燥热，约有2/3的河水就地蒸发。待流到喀土穆附近同青尼罗河汇合时，两河相比，白尼罗河简直就成了一条可怜巴巴的涓涓溪流。青尼罗河长1450公里，发源于埃塞俄比亚高原。那里常年多雨，年降雨量在1500至3000毫米之间。大量雨水汇集，沿着陡峭的峡谷直流而下，气度更为不凡。据估计，青尼罗河的水量，约占整个尼罗河水量的70%。从这个意义上说，青尼罗河可称为尼罗河的主支。
尼罗河水几千年来造福人类，是一笔无穷无尽的宝贵财富。开罗以下巨大的扇形三角洲，为尼罗河冲积淤土形成，土质肥沃，又有河水灌溉之利，是埃及长绒棉、玉米和其他农作物的主要产区。喀土穆以南青、白尼罗河之间的杰济拉三角平原，修建有宏大的灌溉工程，是苏丹长绒棉和水稻的生产基地。尼罗河为埃及和苏丹两国人民解决衣食问题，因而被称为“哈比”——富足的源泉。可惜，这个源泉现在尚未得到充分的开发和利用。就以中上游来说，水流急，落差大，形成道道瀑布，蕴藏着丰富的水力资源，可这里竟只建了两个大型水电站。河流的治理与利用是一项综合工程，单个国家难以承担这样一个重任。埃及、苏丹、乌干达等国为此成立了尼罗河流域联合开发委员会，乌干达、坦桑尼亚、卢旺达和布隆迪建立了卡格拉河流域开发组织。
对尼罗河主支白尼罗河源头的探察，着手较晚，进展缓慢。这主要是因为现今苏丹首都喀土穆以南地区，沼泽连片，人难涉足。所以源头问题在2000多年的时间里一直有争议。19世纪初，欧洲殖民势力向非洲内地推进，非洲地理考察的热潮兴起。葡萄牙人、英国人、德国人最后都绕开苏丹南部，从非洲东部出发，直插可能是河流源头所在的非洲中部内陆地区。英国探险家约翰•斯皮克和里查德•伯顿是采用这种方法探寻尼罗河源的先行者，收获最大。1858年2月，他们几经辗转到达现今的坦噶尼喀湖畔，成为最早发现该湖的欧洲人。1858年8月3日，斯皮克又独自探索到一个比坦噶尼喀湖还要大的湖泊。遥望波涛连天的湖水，他无比激动，称此湖为“维多利亚湖”。他认定，这就是尼罗河的源头。当时为庆祝斯皮克这一重大地理发现，人们开枪打死一头驴子，供所有参加考察的人员打牙祭。斯皮克将结论报告发到伦敦，引起两种截然不同的反响。有拥护者，有反诘者。表示反对最激烈的，是曾经同斯皮克一起探寻过河源的伯顿。他以毋容置疑的权威自居，认为斯皮克还没有足够的科学依据。伯顿提出，真正的尼罗河源头很可能是坦噶尼喀湖。斯皮克坚信自己的结论，准备同伯顿当面进行辩论。但就在辩论的前一天，斯皮克却因猎枪走火而殒命。人死了，辩论会未能举行。但历史最终裁定，胜者是斯皮克。
二、互动平台
——课文译文和疑难详解
READING 阅读
EXPLORING THE SOURCE OF THE NILE
As late as the 1860s, the dark heart of Africa was one of the final places on earth for which no maps existed. ① The Nile, flowing through it, is one of the great rivers on earth. How long the River Nile was and where it began were a mystery for a very long time. ② Some of the greatest explorers in the history of the world competed for the prize of discovering where it began. Together, all of them contributed to the solution of the puzzle, and each of them had an amazing story to tell. ③The classic way of discovering the source of a river was to follow it to the place where it began. Past Abu Simbel boats can take you to the ancient city of Juba, but beyond that point the river is too shallow and must be followed on foot. South of Juba the Nile flows through an area of several thousands of square kilometres. No accurate maps existed. Without the aid of an aircraft the only way was to explore on foot. In the race of being the first to explore the source of the Nile, explorers no longer
探索尼罗河之源
即使到了十九世纪六十年代，非洲的中心地带还是地球上最后几个没有地图标明的地方之一。 流经它的尼罗河，是地球上几条大河之一。
尼罗河有多长以及它发源于何地很久以来是一个谜。 世界历史上一些最伟大的探险家争着去发现它的起源。 他们所有人一起对找到这个谜底做出了贡献，而且他们每个人都有惊人的故事可讲。
发现河流源头的古老的方式是顺着河流直到河流开始的地方.]过去的阿布•辛拜勒小船可以带你到朱巴古城，但是超过那里之后河流太浅，必须步行而上。朱巴以南尼罗河流经数千公里的地区。[KG21]没有准确的地图存在。 没有飞机的帮助，唯一的方式就是徒步探索。 在争取成为探索尼罗河源头第一者的竞赛中，探索者们不再顺流而上。
①
【问】 as late as 是什么用法？which引导的从句为什么加for?
【答】 as late as是固定短语，可表示比较，也可不表示比较。常见的有：
(1) as far as ①表示同等程度的比较,far为形容词或副词,意为“和……一样远”，指实际距离。②不表示比较，意为“就……来说,一直到(某地)”。
(2) as well as ①well是副词，意为“和……一样好”。②用作连词，用来连接两个并列成分，意为“和；不但……而且……”
(3) as good as ①good作形容词，意为“和……一样好”。②用作副词，相当于almost，意为“几乎；实际上”。
(4) as soon as ①soon作副词，意为“和……一样快”。②用作连词，引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。
(5) as long as ①long作形容词或副词，意为“和……一样长”。②用作连词，引导条件状语从句，意为“只要”，也可以为so long as。如：
I’ve read as far as the third chapter. 我已经读到了第三章。
I’ll walk with you as far as the post office. 我将陪你走到邮局
I haven’t known him as long as you. 我认识他没有你那么久。
As long as you keep your promise, I will lend you 2,000dollars.只要你兑现诺言，我就借给你2000美元。
which引导的是定语从句，which指代final places, 作介词for的宾语，表示“对……而言”如：
I know the man to whom you talked. 我认识你跟他谈话的那个人。
The desk by which she’s sitting is mine. 她坐在旁边的桌子是我的。
②
【问】 句子的结构如何理解？be动词为什么用were?
【答】 句首是how long 和where引导的两个从句作主语，分别指两个问题，所以用were。
一般而言，从句或疑问词+不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数，如：
What they needed most was money. 他们最需要的是钱。
Whether they will come or not is still unknown. 他们是否要来不知道。
When and where to go for a holiday has not been decided yet. 什么时候去哪里度假还没有决定。但有时也有用复数的情况。
What I say and think are none of your business.我说什么想什么跟你无关。
③
【问】 contribute to是如何使用的？
【答】 contribute to意思为“出（钱，力，主意）捐助，贡献”，to为介词，后面接名词、代词、动名词等；contribute也可以直接跟宾语。如：
The chairman encourages everyone to contribute to the discussion. 主席鼓励大家参与讨论。
Everyone should contribute what he or she can afford.每个人都应尽自己所能作贡献。
followed the river. Some travelled right into the heart of Africa guessing where the river might begin and following it where it went. Reaching Juba would prove them to have discovered the origin of the Nile.④
In 1856, Richard Burton and John Speke went in search of the source of the Nile. They came from a city on the coast of the Indian Ocean, hiking to the northwest. Half way, slave traders suggested that they turn north, telling them about a huge lake there, but Burton ignored their advice. ⑤ They pushed on to the west where they discovered Lake Tanganyika. Burton believed this to be the source of the Nile. They were too ill and tired to explore the lake any further. Speke had gone near blind and deaf in one ear. Burton could not walk. They had run out of supplies and accomplished very little more apart from questioning some Africans about the north end of the lake. Speke then decided to return to the point where they had heard about a lake in the north and inspect it alone. Reaching that great inland sea, he named it Lake Victoria and wrote in his diary “I no longer felt any doubt that the lake at my feet gave birth to that interesting river.”⑥In 1860, John Speke and James Grant travelled around the west side of Lake Victoria and found the Nile flowing out of it on the north side. They travelled straight on to Juba where they met Samuel Baker in the spring of 1863, and then back to England. When Samuel Baker and his wife met Speke and Grant there, they feared that their success left nothing for them to be discovered. ⑦ However, with information they got from Speke and Grant, the Bakers discovered Lake Albert in early 1864. Although the Bakers were right in their conclusion that the river that flowed into Lake Albert from the southeast was the Nile, they did not make sure by following the Nile any further. Instead, they right
有些人直接进入非洲的腹地，猜测这条河流可能起源于哪里而且跟着河流的方向前进. 到达朱巴往往证明他们已经发现尼罗河的源头。
在1856年，理查德•伯顿和约翰•斯皮克出发寻找尼罗河的源头。他们来自印度洋沿岸的一个城市，徒步向西北前进。 半道上，奴隶贸易者们建议他们转向北，告诉他们那里有一个湖，但是伯顿忽视了他们的建议。[KG9] 他们努力向西行进，在那里发现了坦噶尼喀湖。伯顿认为这是尼罗河的源头。他们病得太重而且太疲惫，不能继续往前探索.斯皮克已几乎眼瞎，一只耳朵也聋了.伯顿不能行走了。他们已经用完供给，而且除了询问一些非洲人关于这个湖的北部边缘的情况外，几乎没有什么进展.后来斯皮克决定返回到他们听说北部有湖的地方，独自进行探索。到达那个巨大的内陆海，他取名为维多利亚湖而且写下日记“我不再怀疑我脚下的湖就是那有趣的河流的发源地。”
1860年，约翰•斯皮克和詹姆斯•格兰特绕维多利亚湖的西边旅行，发现尼罗河在北边从湖中流出。 他们直接向前到达朱巴，于1863年春天在那里碰到塞缪尔•贝克，然后返回英国. 当塞缪尔•贝克和他的妻子碰到斯皮克和格兰特时，他们害怕他们的成功不会给他们留下任何未发现的东西.然而，带着他们从斯皮克和格兰特那儿得来的信息，贝克夫妇在1864年早期发现了艾伯特湖。尽管贝克得出正确的结论，从东南流入艾伯特湖的河流是尼罗河，但他们没有继续探索尼罗河来确认这点。而是马上返回朱巴。
含介词to的动词短语还有：lead to导致; refer to谈到，提及，参考; drink to为……干杯; see to处理,照料; compared to与……相比; object to反对; hold on to留住……不卖; dance to the music和着音乐跳舞; look forward to盼望; get down to开始认真干…..; devote to贡献（时间，精力）于。如：
She was looking forward to seeing the grandchildren again.她期盼着再次见到孙子们。
The leader suggests that more resources be devoted to teaching the children. 领导建议更多的资源被用于教育孩子们。
④
【问】 prove 的用法是什么？
【答】 prove vt. 证明，证实；vi.加表语；结果是，原来是，显现出是某事物。如：
Can you prove it to me?你能证明给我看吗？
I shall prove to you that the witness is not speaking the truth.我将向你证明证人没说真话。
⑤
【问】 suggest的用法是什么？
【答】 suggest表示“建议，提议”时，后接名词、代词、-ing形式或that从句（从句中谓语用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可省略）；表示“暗示，表明”时，后接名词或that从句（从句谓语用陈述语气）。如：
Our English teacher suggested us buying a good dictionary.我们的英语老师建议我们买一本好词典。
Jim suggested that they should go for a drive. 吉姆建议他们应该开车去兜兜风。
Sue’s pale face suggested that she was ill. 苏苍白的脸色意味着她生病了。
⑥
【问】 句子结构是怎样的？ 为什么用that引导？
【答】 that 引导的是同位语从句，用来说明doubt的具体内容；that在句中只起连接从句的作用，不充当任何成分。课文中还有几个含同位语从句的复合句：
Although the Bakers were right in the conclusion that the river that flowed into Lake Albert from the southeast was the Nile,…尽管贝克夫妇得出正确的结论：即从东南方流入艾伯特湖的河流是尼罗河，……
…,the question arose whether or not a connection existed between Lake Tanganyika and Lake Victoria. 在坦噶尼喀湖和维多利亚湖之间是否存在联系的问题产生了。
…,there was still the possibility that Lake Tanganyika and not Lake Victoria was the true source of the Nile. 仍然存在这种可能性:是坦噶尼喀湖而不是维多利亚湖是尼罗河的真正源头.
三个复合句中that引导的同位语从句分别用来说明和阐述名词conclusion, question, possibility的具体内容.
注意：同位语从句常跟在fact, news, promise, plan, suggestion, hope, idea, order, truth等抽象名词后面，解释说明该名词的具体内容，that在从句中不充当任何成分。再如：
The news that our team had won the match was very exciting.我们队赢了比赛的消息令人激动。
away returned to Juba. Later, Burton argued that because Speke and Grant had not followed the Nile from Lake Victoria to Juba, they could not be sure that the river flowing from Lake Victoria was really the Nile. It was not until 1874, when a young American explorer followed the Nile from Lake Victoria through to Lake Albert, that this part of the river’s course was finally explored. ⑧For all discoveries that had been made between the first journey in 1856 and 1864, the question arose whether or not a connection existed between Lake Tanganyika and not Lake Victoria was the true source of the Nile. To answer this question, the famous explorer Dr Livingstone travelled to Africa in August 1865. He travelled around in the area for more than seven years, discovering many new lakes, and making corrections to the maps that others had made. The map of Africa was no longer just a coastline; slowly but surely light was beginning to fall on the “dark continent”, as hills and valleys, rivers and lakes were carefull filled in.
后来，伯顿提出争议，由于斯皮克和格兰特没有顺着尼罗河从维多利亚湖到朱巴，他们不能肯定从维多利亚湖流出的河流就是尼罗河。直到1874年，当一个年轻的探险家从维多利亚湖顺着尼罗河直到艾伯特湖时，河流流经的这部分才最终被发现。
在1856和1864年间的首次旅途中发现并提出了坦噶尼喀湖和维多利亚湖之间是否存在联系的可能性，有待证实。即是坦噶尼喀湖而不是维多利亚湖才是真正的尼罗河的源头。为了回答这个问题，著名的探险家利文斯通博士与1865年旅行到非洲.他在这个地区四处旅行七年多，发现了许多新的湖泊，对别人制作的地图进行纠正.非洲的地图不再仅仅是一个海岸线；缓慢地然而稳步地，这块“黑暗大陆”开始清晰起来，随着山川沟谷，河流湖泊被仔细地填到地图中去。
⑦
【问】 句中的they, their, them分别指谁？leave的用法是什么？
【答】 they指贝克夫妇，their指斯皮克和格兰特的，them指贝克夫妇。leave something(for sb.)留下，交代下（某物）。如：
Did the postman leave anything? 邮递员留下什么了吗？
someone left this note for you. 有人给你留下这张条子。
leave sth. to sb.将某物遗赠给某人；托付给他人。
He left all his money to charity. 他把所有的钱赠给慈善事业。
You can leave the cooking to me. 做饭的是尽可以交给我。
leave 还表示“离开；让某人或某物处于某状态；未拿或未带某物”，如：
Leave the door open, please.让门开着吧。
I’ve left my keys in my office.我的钥匙忘在办公室。
⑧
【问】 句子结构是怎样的？
【答】 这是一个强调句型，被强调的部分是时间状语not until 1874，又跟一个when引导的非限制性定语从句。强调句的基本句型：It is/was+所强调的成分+that/who/whom+其它成分。强调事物时，连接词只用that，强调人时，既可用that，也可用who或whom，在从句中作主语或宾语。句中的谓语动词时态是一般过去时，过去进行时和过去完成时，用It was……，其它时态用It is……。如：
It was Li Ming that/whom I met at the railway station yesterday.
It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.
INTEGRATING SKILLS 综合技巧
Reading 阅读
James Cook grew up as the son of a family of rural workers. At school, Cook was very good at mathematics. He worked on a farm for a few years, but at eighteen he started working on ships. In 1756, he joined the Royal Navy. At the height of his career, he made three voyages around the world. During the first voyage maps were made for more than 5,000 miles of the coastline of New Zealand and eastern Australia. In Australia, Cook and his crew were the first Europeans to see kangaroos. Although James Cook may not have been the first westerner to have discovered Australia, New Zealand and Hawaii, his travels led to the creation of more accurate and reliable maps for vast parts of the world. ⑨
未知的南方大陆
詹姆斯•库克在一个乡村工人的家庭长大.在学校他很擅长数学。他在一个农场干了几年活儿，但十八岁时开始在轮船上工作。1756年，他加入了皇家海军.在他事业的巅峰时期，他绕世界作了三次航行.在第一次航行中为新西兰和东澳大利亚的5，000多英里的海岸线制作了地图.在澳大利亚，库克和他的船员是最先看见袋鼠的欧洲人.尽管库克不是最早发现澳大利亚，新西兰和夏威夷的西方人，但由于他的旅行，才产生为世界上辽阔地域所制作的更精确可靠的地图。
⑨
【问】 may not have been是什么用法？
【答】 “may/might+ have + 过去分词”表示对发生的情况进行推测和判断，如：
He may (not) have finished the work.他也许已经/还没有完成这工作。
You were so careless. You might have lost your life that day. 你如此粗心，那天你也许会丢了命的。
The “unknown southern land” was an imaginary continent, appearing on European maps from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century. It was first put there by Ptolemy, a map maker who lived during the first century AD. He said that south of the Indian Ocean a continent existed with a mild climate, where the people were very wealthy. But he warned that it could not be reached because it was surrounded by a ring of fire.
In the Middle Ages Western people dismissed his theory. They believed that the earth was flat, so there could not be a continent on the other side of the world. If you were to sail across the ocean, you would fall off the earth. B10
Later European map makers copied the continent onto their maps again, although there was no evidence for its existence. Voyages of discovery trying to find this continent did reduce the actual size of it, but it never disappeared from the maps. During the seventeenth century, European nations abandoned their search for it. Instead, they concentrated on trade with the wealthy Asian continent.
B11
In 1767 an English astronomer published a survey concerning all discoveries made in the southern part of the Pacific Ocean. Scientists still believed there had to be a continent in the south to balance with the continents in the north. It was believed that the northern coast of this continent lay somewhere in the Pacific Ocean. The aspect of its possible wealth made a search for it worthwhile.
B12 Based on this report the English government decided to ask Captain James Cook to go and look for this continent.
James Cook travelled around the world between 1768 and 1771 with his ship, the Endeavour. The English government gave his secret instructions to search for the mysterious continent.
B13 Cook set sail to the location where he expected to find land, but only found water as far as he could see. Unable to discover land, he decided to set sail for the place that later became known as
“未知的南方大陆”曾是一个想像中的大陆，从十五世纪到十八世纪出现在欧洲地图上。[KG22]它最初是由托勒密提出的，他是生活在公元五世纪的一位地图制作者.他说印度洋以南存在一个大陆，在那里气候温和，人们富裕。但是他警告那里不可能到达，因为它被火圈围绕。
在中世纪西方人不理会这个理论. 他们认为地球是平的，因此在地球的另一面不可能存在大陆。[KG5]如果你要穿越大洋航行，你会掉离地球。
后来，欧洲地图制作者把这个大陆又复制到他们的地图上，尽管没有证据表明它的存在。[KG16*2]试图发现这个大陆的航行确实减少了它实际的范围，但它从未从地图上消失过。 在十七世纪期间，欧洲国家放弃了他们的探寻，而是集中精力与富裕的亚洲国家进行贸易。
1767年，一位英国天文学家公布了有关太平洋南部所有发现的调查。科学家们仍然认为在南边得有一个大陆来与北边的大陆平衡。人们认为这个大陆的北部沿海位于太平洋某地。 可能存在财富的这个方面使得对它的探索很有价值。以这个报告为基础，英国政府决定请詹姆斯•库克去寻找这个大陆。
詹姆斯•库克在1768与1771年间带着他的轮船“奋力号”。
英国政府给他做出秘密的指示去寻找这个神秘的大陆。
库克扬帆起航，到达他预料会发现陆地的地方，但是就他的目光所能及的仅仅是水.不能发现陆地，他决定向后来知道是新西兰的地方进发。
B10
【问】 该句用到什么语法知识？
【答】 这是虚拟语气在条件句中的用法。我们可以从时态入手掌握其用法：
(1) 与现在事实相反：条件从句中用过去时（be用were），主句用should, would, could, might+动词原形。如：
If I had the money, I should buy a new car. 若我有这笔钱，我会买一部新车。
If I were you, I should kill him.如果我是你，我会杀了他。
(2) 与将来事实相反：条件从句中用过去时，或should/were to+动词原形，主句中用should, would, could, might+动词原形。如：
If our train were to arrive on time, we should have time to visit your sister. 如果火车能准时到达，我们就会有时间拜访你姐姐。
If Richard worked hard next term, he would pass the examination.如果里查德下学期努力学习，他会通过考试的。
(3) 与过去事实相反：条件从句中用过去完成时，主句中用should, would, could, might+ have+ 动词的过去分词。如：
If you had asked me, I would have helped you. 如果你问过我，我会帮助你的。
If you had taken my advice, you wouldn’t have failed this time.如果你听从了我的劝告，这次你就不会失败了。
B11
【问】 短语concentrate on有什么用法？
【答】 有两层意思：(1) concentrate ( sth.) on sth./doing sth.全神贯注，专心致志（于某事物）如：
I can’t concentrate on my studies with all that noise going on.吵闹声不绝于耳，我无法集中精神学习。
We must concentrate our efforts on improving education.我们必须致力于改进教育工作。
(2) concentrate on sth.做某件事（而不做其他事）如：
Having failed my French exams, I decided to concentrate on science subjects. 我因法语考试不及格而决心专攻理科。
This company concentrates on the Asian market. 这家公司把工作重点集中在亚洲市场。
B12
【问】 worthwhile 与worth, worthy有什么用法上的不同？
【答】 它们有各自的固定句型：be worth +money(the price)值（多少钱）be worth doing sth.值得做某事；be worthy of sth./of being done/to be done 某事值得做；It is worthwhile to do sth./doing sth.值得做某事。如：
I paid only $3000 for this used car but it’s worth a lot more.买这辆二手车我只付了3000美元，但它值更多的钱。
The book is worth reading.这书值得一读。
It is worthwhile to discuss/discussing the problem. 讨论这个问题是值得的。
“这篇文章值得仔细研究”这个句子有三种表达方式：
New Zealand. Cook discovered that New Zealand is made up of the North Island and the south Island and that they are not linked to any continent. From there he went to Australia. When Cook arrived back in England in 1771, he still could not answer the question whether the unknown southern continent existed or not.
So, in 1772 the British government sent him on a second expedition to solve the problem of the southern continent for once and always. Cook sailed as far south as possible with the Resolution. On 10 December 1772 Cook saw the first iceberg on his journey. For more than two years, Cook sailed among icebergs searching for land, which he thought he had found at last. Naturally, he thought it was the southern continent. He was very disappointed when it turned out to be just another island covered with snow. James Cook did not discover Antarctica, but when he came home in 1775 he was sure that there was no great southern continent with a mild climate, as scientists had believed for hundreds of years.
库克发现新西兰由北岛和南岛组成，而且它们不跟任何大陆相连。从那儿他去了澳大利亚。 当他于1771年回到英国时，他仍然不能回答这个问题，即这个未知的南方大陆是否存在。
于是，在1772年，英国政府派他第二次远征，来一劳永逸地解决这个南方大陆的问题。[KG23]库克乘着“决心号”尽可能远地向南方航行。在1772年12月10日库克在他的旅途中看见了第一座冰山。 有两年多，库克在冰山中航行，搜寻他后来认为他发现了的大陆。自然地，他认为它是南方大陆。当结果发现原来是被冰雪覆盖的又一个岛屿是，他非常失望。詹姆斯•库克没有发现南极洲，但是当他1775年回家时，他确信这点：不存在气候温和的南方大陆，如数百年前科学家们认为的那样。
(1). The article is worthy of careful study.
(2). The article is worthy of being studied carefully.
(3). The article is worthy to be studied carefully.
B13
【问】 动词search 有哪些用法？
【答】 (1) search v. search sb./sth.搜查（某处），搜查（某人），搜身；search for sb./sth.搜寻，寻找某人（某物）如：
The police searched her for drugs. 警察搜查她看她身上有没有毒品。
He searched the drawers for the missing papers.他翻遍抽屉寻找丢失的文件。
(2) search n. 用作名词时也常与介词of, for搭配；常用短语 in search of sb./sth.
Richard Burton and John Speke went in search of the source of the Nile. 理查德•伯顿和约翰•斯皮克出发去寻找尼罗河的源头。(in search of常与动词搭配。)
三、高考链接
——高考热点例题与解析
1. ——How about eight o’clock outside the cinema?
——That _________ me fine. (NMET 2004全国)
A. fits B. meets C. satisfies D. suits
【解析】 答案是D。fit多指大小、形状合适，引伸为“吻合、协调”，如：The new shoes fit me quite well. (这鞋我穿着大小合适。)； suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、地位、条件等，如：I’m afraid Tuesday suits me better. (我想的话星期二对我更合适。)；meet和satisfy侧重表示“满足（需要）、符合（要求）”，故答案选D。
2. ——The window is dirty.
——I know. It _________ for weeks (NMET 2004 III)
A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned
【解析】 答案是D。所填内容为句子的谓语部分。for weeks是一段时间，表示一种存在的状态，应用现在完成时，又根据对话内容，“窗户”应是“被擦干净”，故用现在完成时的被动语态。
3. I don’t _________ rock 'n’ roll. It’s much too noisy for my taste. （NMET 2004 北京）
A. go after B. go away with C. go into D. go in for
【解析】 答案是A。本题考查短语动词的意义，由题意可知此处需表示“喜欢、从事”之意，只有D项合适，而A项go after意为“追逐, 追求；跟在……之后走”；B项go away with表示“带……离开”；C项go into意为“进入, 加入，参加”等。
4. The discussion _________ alive when an interesting topic was brought in. (2004 浙江)
A. was coming B. had come C. has come D. came
【解析】 答案是D，本题考查时态。句中有具体的时间状语when ...，因此用一般过去时。
5. ——How do you _________ we go to Beijing for our holidays?
——I think we’d better fly there. It’s much more comfortable. (福建2004)
A. insist B. want C. suppose D. suggest
【解析】 答案是D。根据答语中的we’d better ...可知，说话人是在给对方提“建议”，故用suggest；A、B和C三个选均不符合句意。
四、学能测试
——本单元高考适应性演练
一、单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. ——It’s a long time _________ I saw you last.
——Yes, and what a pity it is since it will be a long time _________ we see each other again.
A. before; since B. since; before C. when; when D. since; when
2. In order to meet the students’ needs, the school put up a hall that _________ 1,200.
A. is seated B. seats itself C. seats D. will seat
3. I _________ to help you to do homework but I couldn’t spare any time. I _________ a composition last night and I’ll finish it today.
A. wanted; wrote B. wanted; have been writing
C. have wanted; wrote D. had wanted; was writing
4. My two dogs have quite different _________ . One is rather fierce while the other is pretty gentle.
A. kinds B. advantages C. natures D. ages
5. The musician, _________ for his splendid speech, was warmly received by the students.
A. to be known B. being known C. knowing D. known
6. When I got to his office, he _________ , so we only had time for a few words.
A. was just leaving B. has just left
C. had just left D. is about to leave
7. Though _________ to stop, the _________ speaker kept on talking at the meeting.
A. being told; exciting B. to be told; exciting
C. told; excited D. telling; excited
8. ——Now people waste too much.
——But my grandma never throws away anything that may be _________ .
A. a little value B. of some value C. some valuable D. of some valuable
9. Soon after the girl took the medicine, her face _________ colour and she opened her eyes.
A. appeared B. came into C. took on D. broke down
10. ——There are more and more people in the world who want to learn Chinese.
——Yes. It’s becoming a more _________ language.
A. wide used B. widely using C. being widely used D. widely used
11. When she was already _________ the ship, she changed her _________ .
A. on board; mind B. got on; mind C. to; idea D. on the board; idea
12. Being determined is a kind of quality and that’s _________ it takes to do anything well.
A. how B. which C. who D. what
13. Mrs. Brown was much surprised to see the washing machine she had _________ went wrong once again.
A. it repair B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired
14. _________ the people present, he couldn’t carry on his speech.
A. Disappointed B. To the disappointment of
C. Disappointing D. To disappoint
15. I’d like to buy a present for my mother’s birthday, _________ at a proper price but of great use.
A. that B. one C. anyone D. everything
二、单词拼写——根据句意在空格处填上适当的英语单词。（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
16. There are all kinds of shirts and v_________ colors to choose from.
17. The woman’s illness p_________ the doctor; he couldn’t find the cause.
18. We were wondering what to do when he s_________ going swimming.
19. The father passed on the family’s wealth to his son, so the son became w_________ .
20. Can you show me any e_________ for your statement?
21. As far as I am c_________ , I dislike that fellow in a way.
22. They can’t afford to e_________ their laboratories properly because of lack of funds.
23. He wants to help you but he is u_________ to.
24. The elephant is the largest land animal in e_________ _.
25. She must be an A_________ because she comes from Africa.
三、完成句子——根据所给汉语完成下列句子。（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
26. We’re rather ___________(担心父亲的健康).
27. He attended the party _______________ (以他父亲的名义).
28. Though they are ________________ (水尽粮绝), the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon.
29. _________________(除了很少的几个词外), I do not know any French at all.
30. Looking after the animals is __________________(一件值得做的工作).
31. ____________________ (你们完成这项任务) within two weeks’ time.
32. If you had taken my advice, ___________________(这次你就不会失败了).
33. When and where to go for a holiday ________________________(还没有决定).
34. _______________________ (他翻遍抽屉寻找)for the missing papers.
35. Our English teacher suggested us _____________________ (买一本好词典).
四、完形填空(共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案。
Later I was to have another, more painful 36) about hearing the truth. Just a few days before the performance, some of my friends decided to have a picnic at a nearby lake. It was still 37) cold, Mother 38) me to stay home so that I might not catch cold, but I insisted on going. After making me promise not to go swimming, she gave 39) .
Well, I kept the words but not the 40) of that promise. When the others went into the water I couldn’t 41) being left behind. I put on my swimming-suit too and went out in a boat.
When at last I 42) for shore, some of the boys began to rock my boat. Just as I was about to reach the shore, it went 43) . Trying to keep out of the water, I took a jump for shore. I 44) it —— but I landed on a broken bottle. My heel was cut right 45) the bone!
I couldn’t get to star in the 46) but 47) still in hospital. "But I kept my promise not to go swimming," I said to Daddy.
"Mary, you just listen to 48) of what your mother said. 49) she really made you promise was to try not to catch cold. Going swimming was only part of it. And that’s why you 50) up like this."
I made a final excuse: "All my friends thought it would have been all right if I had 51) in the boat."
"And they all were wrong, weren’t they?" He paused a moment. "You’ll find the world is full of people who think they know better than you. Don’t shut your ears to 52) . Hear them out, but listen 53) only for the truth and do what you know is the right thing to do."
Daddy’s advice has returned to me 54) many critical (important) moments in my life and it has 55) .
36. A. accident B. advice C. suffering D. lesson
37. A. so B. rather C. much D. more
38. A. wanted B. hoped C. suggested D. persuaded
39. A. away B. in C. off D. up
40. A. spirit B. meaning C. heart D. soul
41. A. allow B. expect C. stand D. understand
42. A. headed B. reached C. turned D. went
43. A. down B. in C. over D. up
44. A. got B. made C. succeeded D. tried
45. A. in B. for C. to D. up
46. A. film B. competition C. match D. play
47. A. to live B. to sleep C. to lie D. to study
48. A. none B. little C. half D. all
49. A. that B. what C. which D. how
50. A. ended B. came C. went D. set
51. A. swum B. jumped C. stayed D. prepared
52. A. it B. that C. these D. them
53. A. to B. out C. up D. away
54. A. at B. for C. in D. to
55. A. affected B. done C. gone D. worked
五、阅读理解(共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分
阅读下列短文，并从每题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
A
This girl is almost without shelter (栖身之地). She may not realize it but she’s more exposed to the world than she’s ever likely to be again. And it isn’t because she’s a girl. It could be a boy. It could be you.
But why is she "shelterless"? She’s got a place to live —— quite a pleasant place by the look of it —— and if shelter doesn’t mean a house, then what does it mean? When we say someone lives a sheltered life’ we don’t only mean that their house is comfortable. We mean that they are protected from too many worries and troubles, that they live in a settled home, probably surrounded by friends and family, and that they don’t have to cope with the difficulties the world is full of alone.
Certainly no one would say that this girl was leading a sheltered life; she’s leaving home to earn her living in a strange city and live by herself by a bed-sitter. She may be just as well protected physically as a sheltered life person, but she’s lost all the other shelters in her life — family, friends, the home she grew up in, school, the groups she belonged to. She’s on her own now and unless she’s very self-reliant, she’s likely to feel unhappy and insecure at times.
A young person setting out on her own like this is between the two main kinds of shelter most of us spend our lives in. One is our parents’ home where we grew up, and the other is the home we make ourselves and where we bring up our own children. For most people the time they spend between or outside these two shelters is only a small part of their lives.
56. We can infer from this passage that this girl mentioned above in the text _________ .
A. has nowhere to live B. has problems because she is a girl
C. is probably going to feel lonely D. wants to live in her home again
57. What does "lives a sheltered life" in the passage refer to?
A. Living peacefully in the country.
B. Having a comfortable life and a house.
C. Having no worries at all.
D. Having a secure home life and not facing problems alone.
58. According to the author, which of the following is true?
A. Childhood and married life are most protected periods.
B. Most people spend a large part of their lives with their parents.
C. Everyone spends part of his (her) life unsheltered.
D. This girl will soon find a comfortable shelter.
59. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?
A. Leaving home. B. Finding a house.
C. Living with the family. D. Making a better shelter.
B
According to a recent survey, Canadian parents realize their role as protectors and providers is to nourish (培养) their children both emotionally and physically. That’s not very different from the way our parents saw themselves. But with more two-career families and busy schedules, one thing our parents today recognize more than ever is the need to set aside special time for their children. These "nurturing moments" are changed into memories that they will treasure all their lives. Nurturing moments might be the time between our work and life. Bring your child to work with you to see what you do during the day. Visiting your child’s make-believe world. Discuss his or her school day. Exploring the natural world outside your door.
These times are not merely a luxury (奢侈), they are a necessity. It’s during these moments that parents pass values and attitudes to their children. Over time, children pick up good habits and positive self-image.
Here are a few tips for making the most of your family time together:
Regularly sit down as a family to share a meal. Allow each person to describe something interesting about his or her day.
Make one night a week family night. Family members take turns choosing a special activity for the evening and everyone partakes in the fun.
Show your children you care about their interests by having them teach you about their activity or hobby.
Nurturing healthy children involves body, mind and spirit. The little things you do to your care are the building blocks for confidence, self-esteem and a healthy outlook. By giving your children these tools, you prepare them for life.
60. Present-day parents are different from those in the past mainly because _________ .
A. they need more time to spend on their children
B. they pay more attention to children’s health
C. they are much busier with their work
D. the role they play in bringing up children is different
61. Which of the following is closest in meaning to "nurturing moment"?
A. The time between work and everyday activities.
B. The time when you are busy with your work.
C. The time when you play with children.
D. The time when you show your care for your child.
62. We can infer that "visiting your child’s make-believe world " _________ .
A. is a luxury for parents
B. is a necessity for parents
C. is good to the imagination of the children
D. benefits the healthy growth of the children
63. The purpose of the author in writing this article is _________ .
A. to persuade and advise B. to argue and instruct
C. to amuse and interest D. to explain and comment
C
“Kill it!” she cried.
“Certainly not,” he said.
“Why? You’re not frightened at it, are you? It’s only an insect.”
“It isn’t an insect, though it might look like one. Actually, it is very useful. The program I watched last night has completely changed my views on spiders. Do you want to hear about it?"
"Not really," she sighed. "But I suppose you are going to tell me anyway."
"Spiders," he said, ignoring her remarks, "are the enemies of insects and the friends of humans. That’s something that Chinese farmers realized years ago and scientists are only beginning to understand today."
"Do you know in parts of China, in autumn, farmers build shelters for spiders and put them all over their fields? They are like little cone-shaped tents made of straw and they can survive the winter in them. When spring comes, they come out, healthy and hungry, at the same time as millions of insects arrive to attack the farmers’ crops."
"So the spiders fill their empty stomachs, and the farmers whose fields are protected are happy. They’ve saved their crops and their money. Because of the spiders, their expenditure on insecticides (杀虫剂) is nil.”
“So everyone is happy except insects,” she said.
“Right, and now this natural method of pest control is being copied all over the world.”
“Interesting,” she said. “But now I really must go and ...”
“Wait,” he cried. “There’s more. Do you know what is stronger than steel, lighter than a feather, and as elastic (弹性的) as a rubber band?”
“No. What is it?”
“It’s the silk that spiders make their webs with. And scientists are trying to develop a material with similar properties. They plan to use it in spacecraft, artificial organs like hearts and to make really bullet-proof vests. Doctors think spiders’ poison might be used to treat brain disorders in humans."
"That’s good news for you then," she laughed. "But seriously, I get your point."
64. Cone-shaped tents are built and put over the fields for spiders to _________ .
A. go through the winter safely B. protect farmers’ crops from being eaten
C. attack their enemies in nature D. become very healthy and hungry
65. From the passage we learn that without spiders, the farmers _________ .
A. would also save their crops
B. could do nothing to protect their crops
C. would spend lots of money on insecticide
D. could control insects in the fields without difficulty.
66. Which is the best way to kill insects according to this passage?
A. Spraying insecticides over fields. B. Making use of their enemy in nature.
C. Building shelters for spiders. D. Making more artificial webs.
67. Which of the following seems to be true of the man speaker?
A. He has brain disorders. B. He often risks being shot.
C. He needs a new heart. D. None of the above.
D
It was time to repair the kitchen, and my husband and I were discussing possible colors. The children, sitting nearby, suddenly all spoke together: "Not the measuring stick."
"No," I told them in my mother-has-everything-under-control voice. "Not the measuring stick."
The measuring stick isn’t an actual stick but the kitchen side of the door between our kitchen and dinning room. Along the edge we’ve commemorated (纪念) each child’s growth by making a mark showing his or her height on every birthday. Over the years so many colored pens, pencils and markers were used that the door seemed like an abstract-expressionist (抽象派) painting.
Names and dates showed different handwriting, and I can tell by the script who measured whom. An eight-year-old measured her three-year-old sister, a grandchild measured her grandmother, my husband measured me. At the parties, when this door swings back and forth frequently, friends stop to read the names and dates.
When we ask if they would like to be immortalized (使永存), they usually smile sheepishly (腼腆地) and go back right up into place.
Many of those listed on the door are still growing; some have stopped. Some remain with us only in memory. When my mother came to see my eldest daughter graduate from university, we measured her too. It was her last visit to our home.
We haven’t decided yet, but one thing’s certain: whether we paint the trim (装饰) gold, red or blue, the back of the kitchen door will always remain white.
68. The kitchen will not be reprinted because _________ .
A. it shows the precious record of the family’s history
B. its white color matches well with the kitchen
C. it’s used to commemorate the late family members
D. it has remained like this for many generations
69. The author compares the marked door to an abstract-expressionist painting of _________ .
A. a measuring stick B. a warm family
C. colorful life D. growing together
70. We can infer from the passage that _________ .
A. the writer is probably around 40 years old
B. the grandpa may not have visited the house
C. the dinning room is rather small
D. the kitchen has two doors
71. From the passage we can infer that the author _________ .
A. respects her husband dearly B. likes to mark the children’s height
C. is a capable housewife D. loves her family very much
E
In the desert world, the seasons differ from one region to another. The Gobi, which lies roughly between 350 and 550 north of the equator, is a good example of seasonal change.
Four seasons are characteristic of the Gobi: spring, summer, fall, and winter, with usually a false spring at the end of winter. These seasons are distinct, with extremes of temperature, as much as 1500F between the hottest day in summer and the coldest day in winter.
Spring in the Gobi usually begins about the second week in April. For 2 or 3 weeks there is a period of delightful weather, with warm, sunny days and not too much wind. But these are the days of false spring. About the first of May, the tail end of winter returns, and cold, blustery days of dust-burdened winds are the rule then, until early or middle June. The latter part of June, for 2 or 3 weeks after the blowy end of winter is the real spring. It spreads its rather comfortable warmth over the desert, and occasional light rains help the desert grasses to come along nicely.
July, or sometimes mid-June to mid-August is summer. Hot days are the rule, but the nights are cool. Wind and dust again govern the desert, but this is the season when hard rains, if they come at all, are most likely to dump water on the plains.
Fall usually may be recognized by the encouraging, bright days beginning in mid-August and lasting until mid-September or the first of October. This is the time of year when both men and beasts feel best in the Gobi. The clear air, bright sun and frosty temperatures make you glad to be alive.
Winter comes with a rush any time after the middle of September. One day you may be enjoying a pleasant temperature near the eighties. But suddenly the air cools. In a few hours the temperature has slipped below 500F; and a little later cold rain changes to snow and blustering wind.
72. In this passage the author briefly describes _________ .
A. the different seasonal changes
B. the effects of climatic change on men and beasts
C. the Gobi as a terrible place to live
D. the seasonal cycle of the Gobi
73. The word "distinct" in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to "_________ ".
A. quite the same B. extremely bad
C. clearly different D. unclearly separate
74. In the Gobi, the most frequent changes in the weather occur _________ .
A. after mid-September or the first of October B. about the second week in April
C. in early or middle June D. in mid-August to mid-September
75. From the passage we can infer that _________ .
A. no water and no plant can be found in the Gobi
B. both man and animals grow well in the Gobi
C. life may be hard for most of the year in the Gobi
D. climate changes irregularly in the Gobi
六、写 （共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错 （共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边横线上画一个勾(√)；如有错误(每行只有一个错误)，则按下列情况改正：
该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。
该行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
该行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：原行没有错的不要改。
In the public place in China, those who makes the best use of 76. _________
their time to read and study are usually young students. In American, 77. _________
however, middle-age and old people are reading everywhere. Once 78. _________
in order to catch the plane, we set without having lunch in the hotel. 79. _________
The bus stopped in the front of a fast-food restaurant by the highway. 80. _________
All of us rushed into the dinning hall, waiting buy the hamburger. 81. _________
As it was still early in the morning, there were few people eat in it. 82. _________
But two of them were reading some books. One of whom was a lady 83. _________
of about 50, who asked if we came from Hong Kong. She smiled 84. _________
friendly until she knew that we came from Beijing. 85. _________
第二节 书面表达 （满分25分）
应同学们要求，你将在一次班会上向全班介绍你学习英语的经验体会。请就下表中的内容，用英语写一篇短文，向同学们宣读。
采用方法 受益方面
[BHD]朗读、背诵 记忆力、英语思维
[BH]多听、交际 听说能力
[BH]写日记 书面表达
[BH]掌握语法 准确运用[BG)F]
注意： 1.叙述要有条理，应包括表中的主要内容，可适当增减细节，使内容连贯。
2.词数100词左右。短文开头已给出，不记入总词数。
Dear classmates,
I’d like to tell you now how I learn English ... |
VOA英语广播收听技巧（2）
FlashFXP下载