填空式考研英语阅读练与析2

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日期：2006-12-6 12:18:00

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填空式考研英语阅读练与析2

(4)

　　Directions:In the following article， some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5， choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices， which do not fit in any of the gaps.

　　Seventyfive years ago all British women were finally given what all British men had been granted 10 years earlier — the right to vote. First off the blocks to mark the occasion has been，oddly， the Sun (that same organ， ironically， mostly'celebrates’women’s emancipation with a naked interest in their bulging breasts and shapely bums)。

　　That no one else has yet seemed to notice reflects the fact that the winning side in the equality war doesn’t want to waste precious time crowing. 1) __________________.

　　Like the military. A report last week slammed the Army for sexism， complaining that women are called'girls’ —quite different， the authors said， from referring to the troops as'our boys’. 2) ___________________ ?'Girls’， by contrast， is derogatory and demeaning. This was only to be expected， the authors pointed out， from an institution that enjoys 'partial’exemption from equal opportunities legislation—and thus can exclude its 'girls’ from some direct combat positions. How chauvinist can you get?

　　But hold on: do women really want to turn Dad’s Army into Mum’s Army， a posse of latterday Amazons braving the front line， cheek by jowl with their male counterparts? We don’t want to stand beside the boys and fire rifles into the whites of Iraqi eyes. Nor are we gasping for a chance to be blasted to smithereens by a cluster bomb. I may not be crazy about being called 'girl’ 3) ___________________.

　　Yet this kind of jobequalising —if Jack can do it， Jill sure as hell can do it better—has long been cherished by social planners， feminist or not. For decades， menonly enclaves gave women their battle cry: let me in there! The exclusion zone in those days ranged from smart clubs， manual work， the Church of England and the armed forces.

　　Now it has shrunk to a few motheaten armchairs in clubland; the golfers’ paradise — the Royal and Ancient Club of St Andrews; the Roman Catholic priesthood; and frontline combat.

　　The head of the Stock Exchange is a woman， female plumbers are growing in numbers (including that Oxford graduate， Nicola Gillison， who made headlines recently because she ditched her consultancy job for a mole wrench)， and one in 12 of the Army is female. As for women lorry drivers， that should be no surprise. Women drivers have such a sterling record that insurance companies now offer cheaper premiums in return for the promise that no man will come anywhere near the four wheels of their car.

　　4) ___________________. As the foreigner chewed his dumplings at some dire Intourist restaurant in the Soviet Union， his (or her) surprised gaze might alight upon the workers outside in their drab overalls. Who were those stocky muscular figures clambering up the scaffolding with buckets of primrose yellow paint to freshen up the crumbling facades of the surrounding buildings? Women. Who was heaving the garbage containers into the dilapidated rubbish truck? Women. Who was shovelling up the piles of dirt and grit left in the melted snow by the side of the road? Women.

　　And what of the Israeli army， which believes women sabras as well as men should face enemy fire? That idea has proved a disaster — with men behaving suicidally to protect the women， casualties mounting， and the government now considering legislation to keep women away from the front. It’s been a dire tale in the American military too， with physical strength tests rigged to accommodate women soldiers who with the best will in the world cannot throw a hand grenade to a safe distance.

　　There’s nothing wrong with a handful of supertough modern day GI Janes being hooked on Jane’s Guide to Extra Lethal Infantry Weapons， or wasting their weekends playing wasr games; the modern military needs women to boost its flagging recruits， and if supply now matches demands， I am sure we can all rest more easily in the shadow of the Axis of Evil.

　　5) ___________________

　　［A］Social engineering that fixes men and women in the same post， at all costs， makes no sense.

　　［B］Given such progress， only rabid equalisens would argue that they cannot rest until women have the right to be windbagged by some old geezer reading Horse and Hound by the fire; or risk death or a war wound through their rightful place on the front line.

　　［C］but that doesn’t mean I want to be mowed down with the 'boys’ in the killing fields.

　　［D］They want to get on with dealing the most humiliating defeat upon the remaining enemy: foes such as those employers who pay women less than comparable men; the corporations with an allmale hierarchy at the top; and of course the men who tiresomely persist in sexist words or behaviour.

　　［E］'Boys’， it seems， is a good， encouraging， matey kind of word.

　　［F］But a woman does not need to be in the firing line to feel as good as a man. That is an equality too far.

　　［G］The army is slammed for sexism， but do we want a 'Mum’s Army?

　　答案及详解

　　1.D。从文章开头，我们可以看到本文主要讨论了现代男女性别歧视问题，空白处前一句话表明，这场平等之战的赢家并不想浪费宝贵的时间去欢呼。这就暗示了这场战争还未完结，顺着这个逻辑思路，不难看到选项D是符合上下文的。

　　2.E。从下文“Girls， by contrast， is derogatory and demeaning.” 得知上文是与这句“by contrast” 的。所以对应来说大致的意思就应该为“既然'姑娘们’。这个称呼是贬义的，有辱人格的，那么'小伙子们’就是鼓舞人心的，表示友好的称呼”，所以应选E。

　　3.C。本段开首用一个否定表示作者并不认为所谓的平等就是与那些“小伙子们”并肩战斗，浴血战场。而且在字里行间也一直贯穿着这个意思，所以最后一句也不会偏离这个语境，选项C用在这里衔接很自然。

　　4.A。此处空白是段首句，而上一段作者列举了种种女性勇往直前的工作领域，其后又用讽刺的笔调描画了苏联所谓男女平等的社会工作的滑稽可笑的情境，由此而见，作者并不赞成女性盲目地追求形式上的平等。而选项A意为“千方百计让男女干同样工作的社会工程毫无意义”，即起到了承前的作用、又开启了下文。

　　5.F。此处为本文结束语，前一段作者认为女性作为兵源的补充，既是合情的，也是合理的。最后一段作为全篇总结，既要与上一段呼应又要回扣题目“我不会为平等而送死。”抓住。“战争”、“平等”两个关键词，我们不难锁定选项F为正确答案。

　　中心思想

　　本文作者以轻松诙谐的笔调探讨了什么是男女间真正的平等。作者抓住军队这个大环境，用一系列的假设和举例阐述了自己的观点，即女性应该去追求两性平等，但没有必要处处要求平等，更没有必要单纯为了平等而平等。只有合情合理的平等才能造就合谐的社会和心灵。

(5)

Directions: In the following article， some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5， choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices， which do not fit in any of the gaps.

　　1) ___________________. Many of the options have already been rehearsed in the press: excluding some treatments from the NHS， charging for certain drugs and services， and developing voluntary or compulsory health insurance schemes.

　　2) ___________________. we spend about 7 per cent of GDP on health， compared with 9 per cent in the Netherlands and 10 per cent in France and Germany. In terms of health outcomes versus spend， we compare pretty favourably.

　　I don’t see private health care providing much of the solution to current problems. 3) ___________________ .Neither is close to being implemented， but the future could see a deliberate shift of attention to voluntary health insurance and an emphasis on social insurance.

　　4) ___________________. Even so， higher taxes will plainly be needed to fund health care. I think we’ll eventually see larger NHS charges， more rationing of medical services and restrictions on certain procedures without proven outcomes. Stricter eligibility criteria for certain treatments are another possibility.

　　5) ___________________. None of them is going to win votes for the political party desperate enough to introduce them— but then nobody is going to vote for illhealth or an early death either.

　　［A］English National Health Service is a universal health keeping system. But Now， the shortage of money becomes a serious problem.

　　［B］All such options would mean a sharp break with tradition and political fallout that could be extremely damaging.

　　［C］The options provides solution to the shortage of money problem.

　　［D］ I expect individuals to take greater responsibility for their personal health using technology that allows selfdiagnosis followed by selftreatment or home care

　　［E］ Looking at how far we’ll be able to fund the Health Service in the 2lst century raises any number of thorny issues.

　　［F］More likely is a shift from universal health coverage to top up schemes which give people basic health entitlements but require them to finance other treatment through private financing， or opt out schemes which use tax relief to encourage individuals to make private provision.

　　［G］ Compared to its European Union counterparts Britain operates a low cost health system

　　答案及详解

　　1.E。第一段可译为“看一看21世纪我们能为国民保健服务提供多少资金，会发现一大堆棘手问题。许多解决办法已经在报纸上讨论过多次，例如把一些治疗项目从国民保健服务中剔除出去，对某些药物和服务实行收费，建立自愿或强制性医疗保险制度等等。”选项A是干扰事项。选项A是最根本上的问题。

　　2.G。“与欧盟其他国家相比，英国实行的是一套低成本医疗保健体系：我们花在医疗保健方面的钱占国内生产总值的百分之七，与荷兰、法国、德国相比，我们的表现还是不错的。”因为后面列举了本国以及其他国家医疗保健占国内生产点值的百分比，可以看出英国实行低成本医疗保健体系。

　　3.F。“更可行的办法是由全民医疗保健制转向补差付费制，后一制度让人们享有基本的医疗保健权，但要求个人自筹资金支付超出基本医疗保健的费用；另一个办法是实行退出制，即利用减税鼓励个人解决自己的医疗保险问题。”作者认为私费医疗保健对于解决目前问题起不了多大作用，接着提出相比之下更多可行的办法。

　　4.D。“我预计，利用使个人能够自诊，然后自疗的技术或通过家居护理，人们将对自身健康负起更大责任。”下文：即使如此，显然仍要增税为医疗保健提供资金。我们最终会看到国民保健服务收费会更高，更多的医疗服务实行定量配给，对未证明以有效果的某些疗法会加以更多的限制……。选项关键词语：Even so。

　　5.B。“所有这些解决办法都意味着与传统一刀两断，而且可能会产生极具破坏性的政治影响。没有哪种办法会给万不得已采取这一办法的政党赢得选票——但是也没人会投票赞成身体多病或过早死亡。”选项C为干扰项。

　　中心思想

　　英国的国民保健服务是一种全民医疗保健体系，儿童、孕妇及低收入的人看病不要钱，其他人看病只交挂号费性质的处方费。不过处方费年年涨，如今已到6.2磅，可是资金短缺仍是一个大问题。

(6)

　　From the seventeenthcentury empire of Sweden， the story of a galleon that sank at the start of her maiden voyage in 1628 must be one of the strangest tales of the sea. For nearly three and a half centuries she lay at the bottom of Stockholm harbour until her discovery in 1956. 1) ___________________.

　　2) ___________________. Triple gundecks mounted sixtyfour bronze cannon. She was intended to play a leading role in the growing might of Sweden.

　　As she was prepared for her maiden voyage on August 10，1628， Stockholm was in a ferment. From the Skeppsbron and surrounding islands the people watched this thing of beauty begin to spread her sails and catch the wind. They had laboured for three years to produce this floating work of art; she was more richly carved and ornamented than any previous ship. The high stern castle was a riot of carved gods， demons， knights， kings， warriors， mermaids， cherubs; and zoomorphic animal shapes ablaze with red and gold and blue， symbols of courage， power， and cruelty， were portrayed to stir the imaginations of the superstitious sailors of the day.

　　3) ___________________. 4) ___________________.

　　As the wind freshened there came a sudden squall and the ship made a strange movement， listing to port. The Ordnance Officer ordered all the port cannon to be heaved to starboard to counteract the list， but the steepening angle of the decks increased. Then the sound of rumbling thunder reached the watchers on the shore， as cargo，ballast， ammunition and 400 people went sliding and crashing down to the port side of the steeply listing ship. 5)In that first glorious hour， the mighty Vasa， which was intended to rule the Baltic， sank with all flags flying - in the harbour of her birth.

　　［A］All gunports were open and the muzzles peeped wickedly from them.

　　［B］ Vasa sailed majesticly out of the bay.

　　［C］This was the Vasa， royal flagship of the great imperial fleet.

　　［D］King Gustavus Adolphus， 'The Northern Hurricane’， then at the height of his military success in the Thirty Years’ War， had dictated her measurements and armament.

　　［E］The lower gunports were now below water and the inrush sealed the ship’s fate.

　　［F］ As soon as her discovery， the world became shocken.
　　［G］Then the cannons of the anchored warships thundered a salute to which the Vasa fired in reply. As she emerged from her drifting cloud of gun smoke with the water churned to foam beneath her bow， her flags flying， pennants waving， sails filling in the breeze， and the red and gold of her superstructure ablaze with colour， she presented a more majestic spectacle than Stockholmers had ever seen before.

　　答案及详解

　　1.C。文章开篇介绍一艘瑞典皇家大船1628年在处女航中沉船，直到1956年才被人们发现。选C整个第一段才把事件交待清楚。干扰项是F因为下段也没有再提船的名字，所以第一段要交待出主要“人物”。

　　2.D。第二段交待事情的缘由，1498~1632年之间，瑞典新教势力与波兰天主都势力之间的战争及王室之间联姻带来的积怨使战争时断时续。古斯塔夫斯(Gustavus) 二世接替王位后(1594~1632)，瑞典雄踞上风，准备再一次出海远征，Vasa (瓦萨)战舰就是为出征建造的。

　　3.G。前两段介绍背景，第三段后由背景转入1628年8月10日战船启航前的雄姿。第四、五两段很紧凑地叙述了启航那一刻的热闹场面及它突然倾叙下沉的悲剧。

　　4.A。muzzles peeped wickedly 中，用 wickedly 这个词预示着这次航行的厄运。与上一句中 in a majestic spectacle 及 the red and gold of her superstructure 形成一种强烈的反差，干扰项为选项B。

　　5.E。最后一段写了沉船时的情形，描写船身向左倾斜，无论用什么方法也没有人能止住这种倾斜，船最终下沉没顶，从此躺在波罗的海海底300余年之久。

　　中心思想

　　本文描写了“瓦萨”号出航前的雄风英姿及刹那间船体倾斜，货物、装备及船上400人顷刻葬身海底的海难悲剧。Vasa (瓦萨)是瑞典17世纪，更确切地说，是1628年一艘皇家大帆船的名字。这艘耗时三年建成的帆船工艺精细、装饰雄伟华丽，是一艘规模空前的战舰，它象征着17世纪上半叶以瑞典为代表的北欧新教势力与中欧波兰天主教势力之间的多年战乱结束时，瑞典的军事力量已达到鼎盛时期。

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