填空式考研英语阅读练与析4

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日期：2006-12-6 12:16:25

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填空式考研英语阅读练与析4

(10)

Directions:In the following article， some sentences have been removed. For Questions 1-5， choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices， which do not fit in any of the gaps.

　　If you flew in an airplane over the continent of Antarctica， you would look down on a great sheet of snow and ice. The snow and ice slopes gently from a central plateau around the South Pole toward the sea. Along the coasts of Antarctica， sharp mountains rise up from the snow. Huge masses of ice called glaciers slide between the mountain ridges toward the sea. At the sea’s edge， tremendous icebergs break off the glacier and float away. They are often enormous in size.

　　1) ___________________. Most of the land beneath the snow is a great land mass. A chain of smaller islands is nearby. The islands and the land mass are joined into one continent by a thick blanket of ice.

　　Antarctica has ninetenths of all the world’s ice. If all this ice melted， the level of the world’s oceans would rise 250 feet. Most cities along the coast would be drowned. In New York Harbor， water would almost cover the Statue of Liberty’s head. But the ice in Antarctica does not melt. The temperature stays well below freezing the year round in most places. Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth. 2) ___________________.

　　Antarctica does not have much plant life. Only a few simple plants， such as mosses， lichens， and algae， can grow there. 3) ___________________. But along the coasts of the continent there are many birds， fish， and animals.

　　Thousands of whales and millions of seals swim in Antarctic seas. Six kinds of seals are found. The fur seal， the smallest， has long been hunted for its silky fur. The toughskinned elephant seal is the largest. It can weigh as much as four tons.

　　4) ___________________.

　　A number of birds live in Antarctica， and fly over the water and ice. 5) ___________________. Each year it migrates between the northernmost islands of the Arctic (the region around the North Pole) and the shores of Antarctica —— a distance of about 11，000 miles.

　　［A］The temperature stays well below freezing the year round in most places. Antarctica is the coldest place on Earth. The temperature there has been known to drop to more than 100 degrees below zero.

　　［B］The Arctic tern has been called the longdistance champion of the world.

　　［C］Most of the world’s whaling takes place in Antarctic waters. The blue whale is the largest animal that has ever lived. It may weigh as much as 150 tons and be 95 feet long. Smaller whales include the bottlenose， the humpback， the sperm， and the finback.

　　［D］They cannot fly， but they have flipperlike wings， which make them strong swimmers.

　　［E］Beneath the snow and ice of Antarctica lies land. Snow piles deeper and deeper on top of the land and hardens into ice. In some places， it is three miles deep.

　　［F］The climate is so harsh， and food so scarce， that people cannot settle in Antarctica.

　　［G］When the ice sheets pushed down from the north reaching as far south as the river， it does not encounter any mountains and hard rocks.

　　答案及详解

　　1.E。填写这段话时，应同时根据上下文来理解，在文章第一段当时曾经出现过“the snow and ice”这个词，当然这就应该是一个很好的启发。第一段中说的是这些雪和冰从南极点向海里运动的过程，那么进入第二段时，我们很自然就会想，当这些雪和冰移到海里之后，他们下面又是什么，第二段的空白接下去的句子就提到了这些(beneath the snow ...)，而这与所要填写的选项正是相呼应的。

　　2.A。填写这几句话时，主要应该从语意和语境上来理解。文章第三段的前部分，描述了南极洲存在着大量的冰，并且那些冰终年不化，于是我们就能自然而然的想到，那儿的温度也是非常之低的了。

　　3.F。填写这句话时，也应同时结合上下文来看。前一句说到，南极洲仅有少数的植物生命存在，后一句说的是，在大洲的海岸沿线却存在许多鸟、鱼和动物。这里要引起注意的就是那个转折词“But ...”，说明前一句就应该是说有些动物类生命是不适合在那里生存的，即人。

　　4.C。填写这段话时，应该看到它的前一段，即本文的第五段，说有成千上万的鲸以及几百万之多的海豹在南极游嬉。而接下来的文字，却仅仅只是描述了海豹的种类及特征，那么很明显，剩下的文字，就应该比较具体的来描述鲸了。

　　5.B。理解这句话并不难，主要在其中的一个单词“Arctic tern”，这是“北极燕鸥”，了解了它的意思，这句话也就看懂了。北极燕鸥在世界上被称为长距离飞行的冠军。

　　D。这句话的意思是他们不能飞。但是有鳍状的翅膀，使他们更善于游泳，这显然是南极洲另外一种动物——企鹅的特征，故不能选，并且它与燕鸥飞行11，000 英里之间迁徙的后文相矛盾。

　　G。这句话说的是那些冰块从北向南移动，不再会遇到山脉和岩石，这显然已经超出了文章的范围，因为这样的碎冰几乎已经走出了南极洲，成为人类可利用之水。并且它与在整个文章内容上不能衔接，故不能填。

　　中心思想

　　本文主要介绍了南极洲的自然风光，通过描述巨大的冰川、寒冷的天气，以及稀有的动植物，向我们较为全面地展示了南极洲的与众不同。

(11)

　　The attitude that intolerance is an evil is especially strong in Britain， where tolerance has been elevated into the Great National Virtue. 1) ___________________. Listen to any public debate or radio phone in about immigration and you will hear people reiterating this view. Only the British， they say， would have allowed so many black and brown people into their country， would have treated them so well， given them jobs， put them on the National Health Service， and so on. 2) ___________________.

　　Their conclusion， of course， gives the game away， for the tolerance they are talking about does not in fact exist but is invented as a justification for present intolerance. 3) ___________________. Tolerance， according to the Oxford English Dictionary， is “the disposition to be patient with or indulgent to the opinions and practices of others” and “freedom from bigotry or undue severity in judging the conduct of others”. Can we honestly claim to be more lavishly bestowed with these attributes than people of other nations? I do not think so.

　　4) ___________________. But this does not mean they are particularly indulgent to other people’s behaviour. Do anything out of the ordinary — give a party， for example — and your neighbours will soon begin to bare their teeth. Try starting a business or opening a restaurant in a predominantly residential area， and all hell breaks loose.

　　The British tend to be very critical of continental drivers， whom they accuse of uncontrolled aggressiveness. But while British drivers may be rather more reliable about sticking to the rules of the road， they are dangerously intolerant of other drivers who， in their view， are doing things they shouldn’t be doing. 5) ___________________. In fact， I am much more frightened of British drivers than I am of French or Italian ones， for you can at least be reasonably confident with the latter that， unlike the British， they are not prepared to die — and take you with them — in order to prove a point.

　　［A］I myself may sometimes be incompetent or a bit too pushy as a driver but I have often been a victim of verbal abuse and terrifying revenge manoeurres quite out of proportion to any offence that I may have committed.

　　［B］We believe ourselves to be unique among nations in our generosity of spirit and our readiness to put up with all kinds of people.

　　［C］What is called tolerance may often be just unassertiveness or timidity， for it is true that most English people do not relish public rows or confrontations and will go to some lengths to avoid them.

　　［D］I will exclude from my reproof the animal sentimentalists and those who consistently reject cruelty in any form.

　　［E］It is a thoroughly hypocritical posture which makes one wonder whether British claims to being especially tolerant have any validity at all.

　　［F］British attitudes to bad habits like smoking and drinking also tend to be intolerant and are getting more so.

　　［G］And this， they conclude， is why no more of them should be allowed in.

　　答案及详解

　　1.B。这句话的意思是说“我们认为我们宽宏大量的态度和愿意容忍各种人的行为的想法在各国之中是独一无二的”，可见，这句话是用来承接第一句的，进一步说明宽容已上升为英国的一种伟大的国家美德。

　　2.G。文章的第二段开头就指出，那个结论，使英国人的宽容之说露出了马脚（give the game away），那么当然在那之前，应该说明他们的结论到底是什么。

　　3.E。这句话的意思是“这是一种彻头彻尾的虚伪姿态，这种姿态使人们怀疑，英国人所声称的特别能容忍的说法是否能站得住”这也是用来承接前一句的，因为前面已经说明“他们所说的宽容并不是实际存在，而是编造出来为观念的偏狭辩护的”。

　　4.C。这句话的意思是“究竟什么是宽容有时也是不确定的，因为事实上大部分英国人并不愿意在公众中争吵和对抗，并且会尽量避免它们”。这里应注意下一句中的转折词“But ...”，可见，它是将这句话进行了否定，并例举了几个例子。“这并不意味着他们能够容忍人们的行为”这样就正好呼应上了。

　　5.A。这句话的意思是“（作为一个司机），有时我自己可能不太够格或者有点莽撞，但我经常遭到辱骂和可怕的报复，这对我可能犯过的过失而言，未免太过分了”，从文章的最后一段我们看出，全段都在讲述英国人对司机的严厉与偏狭，而这里插入这样一个例子，正好说明了问题。

　　F。这句话是说英国人对那些嗜烟酗酒的人的态度将更不能容忍，这句话是对的，可是在全文中没有涉及，故不能选填。

　　D。这句话的意思是“我不谴责那些同情动物者和那些一直反对任何形式的对动物的残酷行为的人”，这也从一个侧面反映了英国人对动物的冷淡，但同样没有在全文中提及，故不能选填。

　　中心思想

　　本文论的是英国人的“宽容”，可是它从多个角度，多个方面，论证了英国人宽容的虚伪性，揭露了他们宽容的本质。

(12)

　　We are seeing a series of paradoxes at the turn of the millennium. On the one hand， globalisation means that national frontiers are becoming increasingly meaningless， but on the other， we are being swept by a wave of parochialism， with countries clinging to the notion of sovereignty.1）___________________. But there are so many factors in the world that make this position increasingly meaningless.Governments no longer have complete control over their economic and monetary policies， and many multinationals now have greater profits than individual countries GDP.

　　The end of the cold war has brought its own dangers and we need to find a new balance of power in the world.It has also spawned many conflicts. Governments must be prepared to surrender some authority to global and regional institutions or we risk world disorder. It is tragic that， just when we need a strong international organisation， the United Nations is starved of funds and often sidelined by its own member states. What happened in East Timor was unforgivable because it was foreseeable. Angola has been another sad instance of international vacillation. 2）___________________.

　　I do think world war is less likely for the present， although I worry about the proliferation of nuclear weapons at one end and lethal small arms at the other. 3）___________________.

　　Another worry stems from the huge economic imbalances in a world where the richest 20 per cent have 86 per cent of global GDP， and the 20 poorest countries only one per cent.　　Humanitarian aid is no more than a palliative. 4）___________________. The international implications of， for example， the collapse of Africa are unthinkable. There must be a new concept of security based not just on military and defence matters but on economic and social concerns too. 5）___________________.

　　The global pendulum has swung too far towards a total dependence on market forces， but finding some point of balance in the middle is extremely difficult. I am by nature optimistic， but in my gloomier moments I sometimes think the only solution will be an invasion from outer space—then at last everyone would unite!

　　［A］As long as more than a million people continue to live in direst poverty we can never hope to achieve national or international stability.

　　［B］We need an international body with teeth—morally and in action. Perhaps the UN should be given its own force.

　　［C］ Many members of the UN have only become nation states in the last few decades， so I can understand why they are so keen to hang on to their independence.

　　［D］It is terrifying the way that power is increasingly disseminated to small， completely ruthless groups like terrorists， drug traffickers and local warlords. The great imponderable is that some nut could create a nuclear explosion. Or that some essentially local conflict could escalate out of control. You cannot isolate instability:it gets exported.

　　［E］The mainly purpose of founding the United Nations is preventing aggressions and wars. It is hard to attribute the success to the United Nations although no new world war broke out since its establishment. The United Nations is always helpless of preventing the regional wars

　　［F］The notion of sovereignty is more and more strong while the influence of the United Nations is weaker and weaker.

　　［G］Western countries must increase their development aid programmes， not out of charity but for reasons of self-interest.

　　答案及详解

　　1.C。此空白处前面阐述了全球化和地方主义的冲击的矛盾，而后面紧跟着说各国政府无力完全控制其经济政策，这就表明，作者是反对地方保护主义的。但是后面句首用了“but”作转折词，可见，作者并没有旗帜鲜明的提出反对意见，所以用一个较为缓和的句式会比较适合。因此选C。

　　2.B。第二段，承接上文，指出在冷战结束的情况下，联合国等国际组织应该发挥更大的作用，但是下文话锋一转，用东帝汉和安哥拉两个例子来表现联合国在国际行动中的软弱无力，再结合上面所提到的“我们需要一个强大的国际组织”，顺其自然的就得出了“希望联合国强劲有力”的结论，选项B正好符合了这一意境。

　　3.D。作者在这一段的前半部分极力渲染了武器扩散的恐怖情形，而从下一段的字里行间我们可以了解到，作者想表达的意思其实就是：诸如战争、毒品、贫穷等不稳定的因素是会扩散和蔓延的，并不是与世隔绝的在全球化的浪潮下，谁也无法“独善其身”。选项项D在上下文衔接上很自然贴切，是正确选项。

　　4.G。此处空白是段落中的句子，从上句可知，本段主要讨论在世界经济财富占有悬殊的背景下，人道主义援助的目的和作用，而下句的例子则说明“非洲一旦崩溃，对国际社会的影响之大是无法想象的”。从这些我们可以推断出，西方国家所谓的“援助”，并非出于“人道”的崇高目的，而是为了维护自己的财富和利益，弄清上下文的逻辑推理关系，就很容易选出正确选项G了。

　　5.A。三、四、五段在逻辑上是前后呼应的，作者采用“花开两朵、各表一支”的写作手法，一方面指出武器，毒品是无法隔绝的，另一方面呼吁贫穷也是会蔓延的。战争和贫困就好比罪恶的双生子，不离不弃、如影随行，相应的，第五段和第三段的结尾也应该相互呼应，因此选A是正确的。

　　中心思想

　　本文通过阐述近年来联合国在国际事务中差强人意的表现，指出现今世界不安定的因素，即是武器以及贫穷的扩散，而要从根本上解决世界上形色色的问题，一个强有力的国际组织是必要的，如果仅仅依靠市场的力量或单个政府的地方保护主义甚至是人道主义的援助是远远不够的。世界性的问题需要站在世界的角度来解决。

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