Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)

Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C） and D）. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.

Passage 1

By about A.D. 500 the Mound Builder (筑堤人) culture was declining, perhaps because of attacks from other tribes or perhaps because of severe climatic changes that undermined agriculture. To the west another culture, based on intensive agriculture, was beginning to flourish. Its center was beneath present-day St. Louis, and it radiated out to encompass most of the Mississippi watershed, from Wisconsin to Louisians and from Oklahoma to Tennessee. Thousands of villages were included in its orbit. By about A.D. 700 this Mississippian culture, as is known to archaeologists, began to send its influence eastward to transform the life of most of the less technologically advanced woodland tribes. Like the Mound Builders of the Ohio region, these tribes, probably influenced by Meso-American cultures through trade and warfare, built gigantic mounds as burial and ceremonial places. The largest of them, rising In four terraces to a height of one hundred feet, has a rectangular base of nearly fifteen acres, larger than that of the Great Pyramid of Egypt. Built between A.D. 900 and 1100 this huge earthwork faces the site of a palisaded （用栅围护)Indian city which contained more than one hundred small artificial mounds marking burial sites. Spread among them was a vast settlement containing some 30 000 people by current estimations. The finely crafted ornaments and tools recovered at Cahokia, as this center of Misissippi culture is called, include elaborate ceramics (陶器)finely sculpted stonework, carefully embossed and engraved copper and mica (云母)sheets, and one funeral blanket fashioned from 1 2 000 shell beads. They indicate that Cahokia was a true urban center, with clustered housing, markets, and specialists in toolmaking, hide-dressing, potting, jewelry-making, weaving, and salt-making.

1. What is the main topic of the passage?

A. The Mississippian culture.
B. The decline of Mound Builder culture.
C. The architecture of Meso-American Indians.
D. the eastern woodlands tribes.

2. The paragraph preceding this one most probably discussed .

A. the Mound Builder culture
B. warfare in A.D. 500
C. the geography of the Mississippi area
D. agriculture near the Mississippi River

3. In relation to the Mississippian culture, the Mound Builder culture was located

A. in essentially the same area
B. farther south along the watershed
C. to the east
D. to the west

4. The Mississippian culture influenced the culture of the .

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