| 不同词序带来的不同语义 | 专题辅导![]() 推荐资源
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| 日期:2006-2-15 11:01:00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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在中文里,词序非常重要;两个字的秩序不同,意思也不同。例如“东西”和“西东”,前者是“things”,后者是“everywhere” ——“各奔西东”。再如“女儿”和“儿女”,前者是“ daughter(s)”,后者是“children”。 英语的词序虽不像中文那样富有语义上的变化,但也很重要,绝对不容忽视。有时,一字一词方位的改变,全句的意思可能“牵一发动全身”,跟着受影响。 下面便是些好例子: ① Even the government officers admitted that some tax measures were unfair. ② The government officers admitted that even some tax measures were unfair. 第一句的意思是:每个人,包括政府官员,都承认有些税务措施不公平。第二句的意思是:政府官员承认,许多事情,连税务措施在内,都不公平。前者焦点在“人”;后者则在“事”。 ③ The couple don't have much money to spend on their foreign trip. ④ The couple don't have to spend much money on their foreign trip. 第三句说“钱不够用”;第四句却说“不必多用钱”。“没有钱可花”和“有钱不必多花”,呈强烈对照,词序的影响,由此可见一斑! ⑤ The committee as a whole pointed out that the world economic situation had improved. ⑥ The committee pointed out that the world economic situation as a whole had improved. 第五句指的是“全部的委员”;第六句却影射“整体的经济局势”。同样一个片语, ⑦ In vain did David try to prevent the job from being done. ⑧ David tried to prevent the job from being done in vain. ⑦里的“in vain”(无结果)指的是大卫的行动;⑧里的不是指人的行动,而是指“在进行中的工作”。 ⑨ Approaching the shop, Helen noticed two strangers. ⑩ Helen noticed two strangers approaching the shop. ⑨里讲的是“海伦走向银行时,注意到两个陌生人”;⑩里指的是“两个陌生人走向银行时,引起海伦的注意”。 (11) I may visit a sometime lecturer of English language. (12) I may visit a lecturer of English language sometime. (11)里的“sometime”是形容词,意思是“以前的”;(12)里的“ sometime”是时间副词,意思是“某时候”。前者可以改成“former ”或“previous”;后者就要变为“at a certain time”了。 最后,请问下列二词,哪个是“防暴警察”?哪个是“警察暴动”? A: RIOT POLICE B: POLICE RIOT Answer: A 防暴警察(实习编辑:夏根建) |
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