Y

year - n. a period of time equal to twelve months

yellow - ad. having the color like that of gold or the sun?

yes - ad. used to express agreement or to permit?

yesterday - n. the day before today?

yet - ad. at some time before now ("Have they arrived yet?"); now; at this time ("I
cannot tell you about it yet."); conj. however ("The sun was shining， yet it was
cold.")?

you - pro. the person or persons being spoken to?

young - ad. in the early years of life; not old
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Z

zero - n. the number meaning none or nothing

zoo - n. a place where animals are kept for the public to look at and study??
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COMMON PREFIXES

dis - not (dishonest， disobey)?

pro - for， supporting (pro-labor， pro-government)?

re - to do again (reorganize， reunite)?

self - used to show that the person or group acting is the one affected by the action，
or to show that the action is done only by its own effort or power (self-declared，
self-appointed)?

un - not (unusual， unhappy)
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COMMON EXPRESSIONS

carry out - to do; to put into effect ("Please carry out the plan.")?

pass a bill - approve ("Congress is expected to pass a bill to cut taxes.")?

take steps - to start to do something ("The government will take steps to halt
inflation.")?
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WORDS USED IN? VOA SPECIAL ENGLISH
SCIENCE PROGRAMS

atom - a very small part of all things; the smallest part of an element that can join
with parts of other elements?

bacteria - living things that are one cell and can be seen only through a microscope;
some cause disease?

cell - a small mass of living material that is part of all plants and animals?

chromosome - a line of genes; most human cells contain 46 chromosomes?

compound - a substance containing two or more elements?

dense - close together; thick?

electron - a small part of an atom that has an electrical force?

element - one of more than 100 substances known to science that cannot be
separated into other substances?

enzyme - a special kind of protein; it produces changes in other substances without
being changed itself?

fetus - unborn young?

fission - a splitting; in atomic fission， the nucleus of an atom is split to produce
nuclear energy?

fusion - a joining together; in atomic fusion， atomic particles are joined together to
produce nuclear energy?

genes - parts of cells that control the growth and development of living things;
genes from the mother and father are passed to the child; genes contain nucleic
acid?

genetic engineering - the science of changing the genes of a living organism?

gravity - the force that pulls things toward the center of the earth?

image - a reproduction of the appearance of a person or thing?

laser - an instrument that makes a thin， powerful light?

magnet - a piece of iron or other material that has a pulling force; this pulling force
is called magnetism?

molecule - the smallest amount of a chemical substance that can exist?

nerve - a thin piece of tissue that sends information through the body to and from
the brain?

nucleus - the center part of an atom or cell?

nucleic acid - a molecule that holds the genetic information necessary for life; there
are two kinds of nucleic acid: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic
acid)

nutrient - a food or substance that makes plants， humans or animals grow?

organ - a part of the body that has a special purpose， such as the heart or brain?

organism - a living thing， often so small it can be seen only through a microscope?

particle - a very small piece of matter?

proteins - substances responsible for the growth of tissue and for fixing damaged
tissue?

robot - a machine that moves and performs tasks?

tissue - living material; a group of cells that are similar in appearance and do the
same thing?

virus - a kind of organism that causes disease?

x-rays - a kind of radiation that can pass through most solid materials， often used in
medicine?
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ORGANS OF THE BODY?

heart - pumps blood through the body?

intestines - tubes through which food passes after it is broken down in the stomach;
part of the intestines also remove solid wastes from the body?

kidney - cleans liquid wastes from the body?

liver - makes some proteins and enzymes; removes poisons from the blood?

lung - takes in and expels air from the body?

prostate - a part of the male reproductive system?

stomach - breaks down food for the body to use?

uterus - a part of the female reproductive system where a fetus develops