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| 日期：2006-2-15 13:23:00 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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一 学习倒装句 倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装，全部倒装即谓语全部提到主语的前面，部分倒装即谓语的一部分置于主语的前面。
(1)以there, here, out, in,up,down, away, over, back,now,thus, then等副词开头的句子，谓语动词常用come, go, rush,run,jump等不及物动词。 例：①There goes the bell. 铃响了。 ②Out came a group of children. 一群孩子出来了。 ③Away ran the little girl. 那小女孩跑走了。 ④Down rushed the policemen. 那些警察冲了下来。 ⑤Now comes my turn. 现在该轮到我了。 (2)直接引语的一部分或全部置于句首。 例：①“It’s the most comfortable hotel I’ve stayed in so far.” replied the tourist. 游客回答说:“这是到目前为止我所住的最舒服的旅馆。” ②“What are you doing in the room? ” asked the mother. 母亲问：“你在房间里干什么?” (3)“There be＋主语”句型中。 例：There are many trees in front of the old farm house. 在那间古老的农舍前面有许多树。 (4)so, neither, nor放在句首表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者,其句型结构为：so/neither/nor＋be/have/aux.V./modal.V.＋S. 例：①The boy died,and a week later,so did his sister. 那少年死了，一星期后，他姐姐也死了。 ②I can’t speak English. Neither/Nor can my friend. 我不会讲英语，我朋友也不会。 (5)为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语或使上下文紧密衔接。 例：①Gone are the days when the Chinese people used foreign oil. 中国人用洋油的时代已经一去不复返了。 ②In the armchair lay a cat, half asleep. 一只猫躺在椅子上，半睡半醒。 (6)表祝愿的祈使句。 例：Long live the great, glorious and correct the Communist Party of China! 伟大、光荣、正确的中国共产党万岁! (7)so...that结构中,so修饰表语形容词且置于句首,构成句型“So＋adj.＋link. V.＋S.＋that”。 例：So moved was she that she couldn’t say a word. 她太激动，以致于她说不出一句话来。
2 常见的部分倒装有如下几种情况: (1)含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首，如:never,seldom,not,no, little, not until。 例：①Seldom had she been asked to speak before such a big audience. 很少让她在这么多的听众面前讲过话。 ②Not until midnight did it stop raining. 直到半夜才停止下雨。 (2)含否定意义的短语置于句首,如：in no way, at no time, by no means等。 例：By no means are these goods satisfactory. 这些货物一点也不令人满意。 (3)well,often, every day, many a time, always,every other day等频度副词置于句首时。 例：Many a time has he given me good advice. 他多次给我忠告。 (4)only修饰的状语(包括从句)置于句首，其结构为：only＋状语＋助动词＋主语。 例：Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有以这种方式你才能学好英语。 (5)not only...but also, neither...nor中的not only,neither置于句首。 例：Not only was the city polluted, but the streets were crowded. 不仅城市被污染，而且街道很拥挤。 (6)在no sooner...than, scarcely...before(when),hardly...when结构中否定词前置。 例：No sooner had he gone to sleep than the telephone rang once more. 他刚睡着，电话铃就又响了。 (7)as if/though引导的让步状语，(n./adj.＋as＋S.＋link.V.)。 例：Successful as he is, he is not proud. 尽管他取得了成功，但他并不骄傲。 (8)虚拟条件句中，省略连词if, 把were, had, should置于句首。 例：Were I you ,I would go with them. 要是我是你的话，我就跟他们一起去。
二 主要句型结构 1 Hopefully＋S＋V Hopefully＝It is hoped that... “希望……”。 例：①Hopefully we’ll win. 希望我们会赢。 ②Hopefully my dream will come true. 希望我的梦想变成现实。
manage用作不及物动词时，意为“设法解决”“能办到”或“勉强维持”，常和can, could及be able to连用。 例：①I shall be able to manage without help. 我一个人能行。 ②The fish is too big, I can’t manage myself. 这条鱼太大，我一个人吃不了。 manage用作及物动词时，后接动词不定式,意为“设法完成(某件困难的事)”“经过努力最后终于完成”。 例：①He managed to escape from the fire. 他终于设法从大火中逃了出来。 ②The room was very dirty, but he managed to clean it. 那间房间非常脏，但是他终于把它打扫干净了。
3 S.＋Vt.＋it＋adj.＋for sb.to do sth句型 此句型中“it”为形式宾语,“for sb. to do sth.”为不定式的复合结构作真正的宾语。 例：①I think it necessary for her to learn the piano. 我认为她有必要学钢琴。 ②They felt it strange for me to come to school so early. 我这么早就来上学，他们感到很奇怪。
4 as＋adj./adv.＋as possible 结构 该结构等于as＋adj./adv.＋as one can(could)。 例：①Please try to be as friendly as possible (as you can) when you meet him. 你见到他时，请尽量表现得友好一些。 ②You should finish your homework as early as possible(you could). 你们应当尽早地完成家庭作业。
5 prevent sb. from doing sth. 类似的结构有keep sb. from doing sth., stop sb. from doing sth.在stop /prevent sb. from doing sth.结构中，“from”可省略，但keep sb. from doing sth.结构中的from不能省，被动结构中，三种结构中的from均不能省略。 例：①Can’t you stop those children(from) fighting. 你能阻止那些孩子打架吗? ②We must do something to keep the roof from falling. 我们必须设法防止屋顶塌下来。 ③There was nothing to prevent her(from) doing so. 什么也不能阻止她这样做。
6 It is＋P.P.＋thatclause 此句型中，thatclause为主语从句，it为形式主语，如:It is said/reported/recorded/believed＋that clause.
例：It is said that he has passed the driving test. 据说他已经通过了驾驶执照考试。 这种结构可转换为： People say that he has passed the driving test 或 He is said to have passed the driving test.
三 学习中应注意的问题： 1 使用倒装句应注意以下几点 (1)在以there, here, up, down, out, in等副词开头的句子中，主语是代词时，句子不倒装。 例：①There they are. 他们在那边。 ②Here it comes. 它来了。 (2)only修饰主语，句子不倒装。 例：Only Mary knows the answer. 只有玛丽知道答案。 (3)表示赞同某人的看法时，用So＋S.＋do/does/did...不用倒装。 例：—I told you that I would come. 我告诉过你我会来的。 —So you did. 你确实说过。 (4)not until后接从句时，主句部分倒装,从句不倒装;no sooner...than, hardly...when, not only...but also引导两个分句时，前一分句部分倒装,后一分句不倒装,这种结构常用过去完成时，但neither...nor结构中，前后两个分句均要倒装。 例：①Not only did he complain about the food, but also refused to pay for it. 他不仅抱怨饭菜的质量，而且拒不付款。 ②Hardly had he finished his speech when the audience started cheering. 他刚演讲完观众便欢呼起来。 ③Neither do I know her name, nor does he. 我不知道她的名字，他也不知道。
2 manage to do强调努力的结果(达到目的)而try to do和try one’s best to do则不强调结果。 例：①He managed to escape from the fire. 他终于设法从大火中逃了出来。 ②He tried to escape from the fire but failed. 他试图从大火中逃出，但没有成功。 ③He tried his best to escape from the fire. 他尽最大的努力想从火中逃出。 |
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