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| 日期：2006-2-15 13:23:00 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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同学们反映对被动语态的知识不是很了解，今天我们就来对部分给大家讲解一下。 A 知识建构. 1 请看下列句子，判断正误： 1.He stood there with his eyes fixing on the picture. 2.The pen is well written. 3.How delicious the soup is tasted. 4.We must do something to stop the water from polluting. 5.The project will have been completed before July. 以上这五个句子除了No.5以外都是错误的。 1.He stood there with his eyes fixed on the picture. 2.The pen writes well. 3.How delicious the soup tastes. 4.We must do something to stop the water from being polluted. 为什么?这是因为英语中语态分为:主动语态和被动语态.它类似于汉语中的把字句和被字句。 1.About 20-50%of the eletricity which Egypt needs is produced from Aswan Dam. 2.Organic vegetables are those that are grown without chemicals that can be harmful to human beings or the environment. 3.Yao Ming is always being loved by his fans from different cities. 4.In the next Olympic Games, France will be represented by three fencers. 5.Pieces of the palaces that had been hidden before the Nazis came could now be used to rebuild the city and its culture. 2 作为一种与主动语态相对存在的语态, 被动语态亦存在相应的时态变化.那么,被动语态的时态变化有那些呢?下面以及物动词do为例
1. 主语+谓语+宾语结构 宾语提前(若宾语是代词,要将宾格转换成主格.后同)加上be动词的正确形式和该谓语动词的过去分词形式再加上by和主语(用主格形式.后同) 即:宾语+be+p.p+by主语 People speak English all over the world.→English is spoken all over the world. The heavy rain prevented us from carrying out the plan.→ We were prevented from carrying out the plan. 2. 主语+谓语+双宾语结构 英语中有很多词,如:ask, buy, sell, show, give,tell...后常接双宾语,即使用ask/buy/sell/give...sb.sth.句型.在变被动语态的时候: 直接宾语做主语,要在前加介词to/for. 间接宾语做主语,只须改变主谓宾顺序,其它不变 e.g:My father bought me a birthday present.→ A birthday present was bought for me by my father. Or: I was bought a birthday present Can you show me your new computer?→ Can your new computer be shown to me? Or: Can I be shown your new computer? 点石成金. 主动变被动，宾格变主格；动词要合拍，be可不能丢;by接原主语，格次要圆和。 一般现在时的被动语态表示现在经常发生的被动动作或存在状态。其常见句型以see 为例列表如下 :
点石成金. 一般现在时的被动语态的构成: am/is/are+过去分词。例如： Wheat is grown in the north ,while rice is grown in the south. 北方种小麦，而南方种大米。 Mrs Baker does her hair every Friday after work. 贝克夫人每周五下班后做头发。 =Mrs Baker’s hair is done every Friday after work. 一般过去时的被动语态表示过去的被动动作或存在状态。其常见句型以see 为例列表如下 :
点石成金. 一般过去时的被动语态的构成:was/were +过去分词. 根据例句,改写句子: Model: His friends persuaded him to give up smoking and threw his remaining cigarettes away. He was persuaded by his friends to give up smoking and his remaining cigarettes were thrown away. 1. His mother dried his clothes near the fire.→
2. Most of the students laughed at his accent,making him embarrassed.→
3. The noise disturbed us and we had to finish the meeting early.→
4. He became tense when the police questioned him about the murder.→
5. We settled all the programmes 10 minutes ago.→
点石成金. 一般将来时的被动语态表示将来的被动动作。 am/is/are going to 一般将来时的构成模式:will be+过去分词. 根据例句，改写句子: Model: The director is going to film a new advertisement.→ An advertisement is going to be filmed by the director. 1. My father will dye his white hair black.→
2. We will hold a family meeting to discuss the event.→
3. Zhang Ziyi, a famous actress in China, will play a new part in the movie directed by Ang Lee.→
4. In 2008, Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games.→
5. For many athletes, the Olympic Games is the only time when millions of people will watch them.→
点石成金. 过去将来时的被动语态表示一个被动动作在过去看来即将发生。 其构成模式:would be +p.p. 请看下列句子： He told me that a sports meeting would be held this week. Primier Wen Jiabao announced that more efforts would be made to reduce the burden of farmers. I asked him what would be taken there. We wondered if more help would be given to us.
点石成金. 现在完成时的被动语态表示一个被动动作已经发生,但强调对现在的影响或结果。 其构成模式: have/has been +p.p 改写句子 1. They haven’t collected enough building material to rebuild the old temple.→ 2. Have they done a lot of experiments for the project already?→ 3. Our guide has organized a tour to the temple for tomorrow morning.→
4. The stone workers have already repaired the well-known building.→ Fill in the blanks in passive voice:(用被动语态填空) 5.I wonder when the garden _____ (water) 6.Great efforts _____ (make) to help them out of trouble. 7.They _____ already _____ (give) enough time to complete the project. 8. Whether to attend the meeting _____ not _____ yet.(decide) (Answers: has been watered;have been made;have…been given; have …been decided.)
点石成金. 过去完成时的被动语态表示一个被动动作在过去某个时间之前就已经完成。 构成模式:had been+ p.p The report had been written when the editor sent for it. 编辑派人来取的时候报告已经写好。 I had been measured before I could get in a word. 我还没来得及插话，他就已经给我量好了尺寸。 |
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