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| 日期:2007-2-1 19:29:51 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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(一)数词的分类 1.基数词 1)21~99的两位数,在十位数和个位数之间加连字符构成。如:53—fifty-three 2)101~999的三位数由hundred加and再加两位数或末位数。如:325—three hundred and twenty-five 3)基数词hundred, ?thousand , million, billion表示确切数目时不能加s。如:five thousand students(五千个学生)但在表示不确切数目时,要用复数形式,如: hundreds of/thousands of students(许多学生) 4)dozen和score的复数形式应注意以下几点: dozen(一打,十二个);score(二十); 当dozen与数词,或many, several等连用时,不加“s”,所修饰的名词前常省去“of”,例如: two dozen pencils(两打铅笔);dozens of people(许多人) 但a dozen of these people, two dozen of them中应加“of”,后面有“these”,“them”,“us”等词。 two score of people中应加“of”,但three score and ten people(七十人)中不加of, scores of people指“许多人” 2.序数词 1)序数词一般由基数词后+ th构成,前面一般加定冠词the,如:He was first in the race. The girl came out first/second in the contest. 2)以ty结尾的基数词构成序数词时,先把y改成i,再加eth。如:the twentieth, the fiftieth 3)不规则的序数词有以下几个: first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth 4)“二 5)基数词与序数词连用时,通常是序数词在前。如:the first two pages of the book(这本书的前两页) 3.其他几种数词 1)分数由基数词和序数词合成,分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母的序数词要用复数形式。如: 注意:a year and a half/one and a half years(一年半) 2)小数点读Point;“零”读o[]或zero;小数点后的数字按个位基数词依次读出。如: 0. 62-zero point six two 3)百分数由per cent(percent)表示: 29%-29 percent (二)数词在句中的作用 1.主语:Two of them are teachers. The third is green. 2.定语:There are fifty students in our class. They live on the third floor. 3.宾语:Give me two. Give me the second. 4.表语:I’m eighteen now. You are the first to speak at the meeting. 5.同位语:You may leave it to us two. 6.状语:This room is one-sixth larger than that one. (三)时间表示法 1.钟点 1)正读法——按时间表上的数字读;先读钟点数,后读分钟数。如: 10:20→ten twenty 8:36→eight thirty-six 2)表示几点过几分,用介词past,多用在半小时以内(包括半小时)。分钟数在介词的前面,时钟数在介词的后面,采用倒读法。如: 9:30→half past nine(九点半) 7:05→five past seven(七点过五分) 3)表示几点差几分,用介词to,多用在半小时以上(不包括半小时)。也用倒读法。如: 8:50→ten to nine(八点五十;差十分九点); 11:45→a quarter to twelve(十一点三刻;差一刻十二点) 4)表示整点 8:00→eight(o’clock) 5)表示在某个钟点,用介词at。如: They begin to work at half past seven. (他们七点半开始工作。) 2.日期 1)年代用基数词,在某年要用介词in。如:He was born in 1983. (他出生于1983年。——1983读成nineteen eighty-three) 2)月份首字母要大写,在某月也用介词in,如果有年代出现,在月份名后加年代,中间用逗号。如: It happened in January, 1999. (这事发生在1999年1月。) 3)日期用序数词(序数词前加the),在某日用介词on。如: on the first ;on the eighteenth 4)月日同时出现时可有两种表示法: 英国说法:顺序为先日后月。如: 4(th)May( 美国说法:顺序为先月后日。如: May 4(th)( 表示在某月某日,不管用在前还是在后,都用介词on。如: The meeting will be held on March 9(th). We’ll leave for 5)年月日同时出现时,年代位于最后,其前加逗号。如: Mary was born on January lst, 1990. 6)表示“在几十年代”用in+the+逢十的数词复数。如:in the 1990s/ 3.年龄 1)用基数词表示年龄。如: He is ten (years old). The baby is one year old. 2)表示“在某人的几十岁”时,可用介词in+one’s+整十位数的复数形式。如: She is still in her twenties. (她才二十几岁。) 3)表示“一个九岁的男孩”,可以有多种表达法: a boy of nine, a boy of nine years old, a boy of nine years of age, a nine-year-old boy 注意:与基数词合成的定语,其中的名词用单数。如: a three-month-old baby, a five-year plan (四)编号表示法 1.用序数词 the first part ;the twenty-third section 2.用基数词 part one, page 125, (No. ) |
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