1)The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.

他苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪.

四.其他词类转译

a.形容词与副词的互相转译

1)We took brief ,restless naps, struggled to understand the intermittent broadcasting of Radio Prague,….

我们短短地,不安地睡了几次,竭力想听懂布拉格电台断断续续的广播……

2)The film “Carve Her Name with Pride” impressed him deeply.

<<女英烈传>>这部电影给了他深刻的印象.

b.名词与副词的互相转译

1)When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist , his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.

只要一发现有可能反对他的人,他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来.

2)They have not done so well ideologically , however, as organizationally.

但是,他们的思想工作没有他们的组织工作做得好.

E. Adding Words

一.根据意义上或修辞上的需要

a. 增加动词

1) In the evening , after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communique.

晚上在参加宴会,出席音乐会,观看乒乓球表演之后,他还得起草最后公报.

b.增加形容词

1) With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism!

中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊!

c.增加副词

1) The crowds melted away.

人群渐渐散开了.

d.增加名词

1)Mary washed for a living after her husband died of acute pneumonia.

玛丽在丈夫患急性肺炎去世后,就靠洗衣服维持生活.

2)This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.

这部打字机真是价廉物美.

3)After all preparations were made , the planes were flown across the U.S to San Francisco.

一切准备工作就绪以后,飞机就飞越美国去旧金山.

4)He felt the patriot rise within his breast.

他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡.

e. 增加名词复数的词

1)Flowers bloom all over the yard.

朵朵鲜花开满了庭院

1)The lion is the king of animals.

狮是百兽之王.

f.增加表达时态的词

1)I had known two great social systems.

那时以前,我就经历过两大社会制度.

.  2)The old man said ,”They say father was a fisherman .Maybe he was as poor as we are.”

老头说:”听人说,从前他爸爸是个打鱼的.他过去也许跟我们现在一样穷.”

g.增加语气助词

1)Don`t take it seriously . I`m just making fun of you .

不要认真嘛!我不过开开玩笑罢了!

h.增加量词

1) A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.

一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起

2)Once , they had a quarrel.

有一次,他们争吵了一番.

i.增加根据上下文需要及反映背景情况的词

1)In April , there was the “ping” heard around the world .In July, the ping “ponged” 

四月里,全世界听到中国”乒”的一声把球打了出去;到了七月,美国”乓”的一声把球打了回来.

j.增加概括词

1)You and I

你我两人

2)The Americans and the Japanese conducted a completely secret exchange of messages.

美日双方在完全保密的情况下互相交换了信件.

k.增加承上启下的词

1)For mistakes had been made , bad ones.

因为已经犯了许多错误,而且还是很糟的错误.

二.根据句法上的需要

 a.增补原文回答句中的省略部分

1)Is this your book? Yes , it is.

这是你的书吗?是我的.

b.增补原文句子中所省略的动词

1)Reading makes a full man; conference (…)a ready man ; writing(…)an exact man.

读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人准确.

c.增补原文比较句中的省略部分

1) The footmen were as ready to serve her as they were their own mistress.

仆人们愿意服侍她,就像他们愿意服侍她们的女主人一样.

d.增补原文含蓄条件句中的省略部分

1)We didn`t admit it (escape) was impossible .To do so would have been to surrender one of our few hopes.

     我们认为越狱不是不可能的.如果认为不可能,那就等于把我们仅存的一点希望也F。F.Repetition(1)

一.重复名词

1.重复英语中作宾语的名词

1）Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations.

我们来修订安全规则和卫生规则吧。

2.重复英语中作表语的名词。

1) He became an oil baron –all by himself.

他成为一个石油大王—一个白手起家的石油大王。

3. 重复英语前置词短语前所省略的名词。

1） The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients.

医生从我身上得到的实践 ，会比从一千七百个病人身上得到的实践还多。

4. 重复英语中作先行词的名词

1）May I extend my heartiest congratulations to the great Chinese people and its Communist Party ,Through you ,for the glowing success of your tremendous revolution , which is now inspiring the world.

让我通过您最忠心祝贺伟大的中国人民及其共产党员，祝贺你们的巨大革命的辉煌胜利，这个胜利正在鼓舞着全世界。

2）The President announced , with obvious relish , that the planes took off from “Shangri-la”,the fictional ,remote retreat in the Himalayas.

这位总统洋洋得意的宣称，这批飞机是从“香格里拉”起飞的，而“香格里拉”是一个虚构的喜马拉雅山中的世外桃源。

二.重复动词

1.英语句子常用一个动词连接几个宾语或表语在译文中常常要重复这个动词。

1) Is he a friend or an enemy?

他是个朋友呢，还是个仇人？

2.英语句子中动词后有前置词时，在第二次第三次往往只用前置词而省略动词，在译文中则要重复动词以代替英语中重复的前置词。

1）We talked of ourselves , of our prospects , of the journey ,of the weather , of the other- of everything but our host and hostess.

我们谈到自己，谈到前途，谈到旅程，谈到天气，谈到彼此的情况—谈到一切，只是不谈我们的男女主人。

2）But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness, his careless ,and the ruin he was bringing on his family.

可是老婆不断地在他耳朵边唠叨个没完，说他懒惰，说他粗心并且说他的一家人都要毁在他身上。

三.重复代词

1.英语中用代词的地方，翻译时往往可以按汉语习惯重复其所代替的名词。

1）Jesse opened his eyes .They were filled with tears .

杰西睁开眼睛，眼里充满了泪水。

2）Happy families also had their own troubles.

幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。

3）Whoever violates the disciplines should be criticized.

谁犯了纪律，谁就应该受到批评。

4）Some have entered college and others have gone to the countryside.

上大学的，上大学了，下乡的，下乡了。（有的上大学了，有的下乡了。）

四.其他重复

1）He wanted to send them more aid , more weapons and a few more men .

他想给他们增加些援助，增添些武器，增派些人员。

Repetition (2)

一.为了强调

1.英语原文中有词的重复，译成汉语有时可以保持同样的词的重复。

1）He wandered about in the chill rain ,thinking and thinking , brooding and brooding.

他在凄雨中荡来荡去，想了又想，盘算了又盘算。

2.英语原文中有词的重复，译成汉语时可以用同义词来重复。

1）They would read and re-read the secret notes.

他们往往一遍又一遍的反复琢磨这些密件。

二.为了生动

1）But there had been too much publicity about my case.

但我的事情现在已经搞得满城风雨，人人皆知了。

2）I had been completely honest in my replies , withholding nothing.

我的回答完全是坦坦荡荡，直言不讳。

  3）He sat there and watched them , so changelessly changing ,so bright and dark ,so grave and gay.