Unfortunately, since courses in nutrition are often
_______ medical school curriculums. a family physician
is__________ to be an enlightening source of general
information about diet.

questioned by.. encouraged
encountered among.. unable
unappreciated by.. expected
neglected in.. unlikely
squeezed into.. intended

————————————————————————
答案：(D)

nutrition: n.营养
curriculum: n.全部课程
enlightening: a.有启迪作用的，使人领悟的
diet: n.1.日常饮食，平时营养 2.特种饮食，规定饮食
squeeze: v.挤压
　
不幸的是由于营养学教程在医学院课程中常被忽视，因此，家庭医生不太可能提供具有启
发意义的关于饮食的一般信息。

The success of science is due in great part to its
emphasis on ________: the reliance on evidence rather
than _______ and the willingness to draw conclusions
even when they conflict with traditional beliefs.

causality.. experimentation
empiricism.. facts
objectivity.. preconceptions
creativity.. observation
conservatism.. assumptions

————————————————————————
答案：(C)

causality: n.1.起因 2.因果关系
empiricism: n.经验主义
preconception: n.先入之见，成见
conservatism: n.1.保守主义，守旧性 2.保守党
　
科学的成功在很大程度上源于它对客观性的强调：亦即依赖证据而非成见，即使与传统信
念相悖，也在所不惜，甘愿得出结论。

James had idolized the professor so much for so long
that even after lunching with her several times he
remained quite ______ in her presence, and as a result,
he could not really be himself.

pleased
disregarded
heartened
relaxed
inhibited

————————————————————————
答案：(E)

idolize: v.把…当偶像崇拜，极度敬慕
be oneself: 1.（人）处于正常状态（指精神、身体等方面） 2.显得自然（或真诚）
hearten: v.使振作，鼓励，激励
inhibited: a.受抑制的，受束缚的
　
詹姆斯如此长期以来在如此程度上对教授顶礼膜拜，以致于即使在与她几次共进午餐之
后，他当着她的面依然倍感拘束，因引，他难以做到真正的泰然自若。

However _____ they might be, Roman poets were bound
to have some favorite earlier author whom they would
_____

subservient.. imitate
independent .. inspire
original.. emulate
creative.. admire
tal ented.. neglect

————————————————————————
答案：(C)

be bound to: v.注定要，必然会
subservient: a.屈从的，恭顺的，府首贴耳的
emulate: v.1.努力赶超，与…竞争 2.仿效，模仿
　
不管罗马诗人们新颖独创到何种地步，他们必定会有一些他们所钟爱的早期作家予以仿
效。

Human nature and long distances have made exceeding
the speed limit a ____ tradition in the state, so
the legislators surprised no one when, acceding to public
practice, they _____ increased penalties for speeding.

disquieting.. endorsed
long-standing.. considered
controversial.. suggested
cherished.. rejected
hallowed.. investigated

————————————————————————
答案：(D)

legislator: n.立法者，立法机关成员，议会议员
accede to: v.答应，同意
penalty: n.处罚，惩罚
disquieting: a.使人不安的，使人忧虑的
endorse: v.1.签署（姓名），批注（公文等） 2.赞同，支持，认可
long-standing: a.（已持续）长时间的，为时甚久的
cherish: v.1.珍视，珍爱，爱，爱护，抚育 2.抱有，怀有（希望，感情等）
hallowed: a.被尊为神圣的，爱人崇敬的
　
人类本性及路途遥远已经使超速行驶在该州成为一种众所倚重的传统，因此，当立法者们
应允这一公众惯例，就超速驾车加重处罚予以否决时，他们一点都没让人觉得惊讶。

INSECT: PESTICIDE::

antiseptic: germicide
preservative: fungicide
plant: herbicide
blood: coagulant
skin: astringent

————————————————————————
答案：(C)

昆虫:杀虫剂
　
防腐剂，杀菌剂:杀菌剂
防腐剂:杀真菌剂
植物:除草剂
血液:凝结剂
皮肤:收缩剂


FASCINATION: INTEREST::

laughter: humor
adoration: fondness
loyalty: admiration
innocence: ignorance
violence: disaffection

————————————————————————
答案：(B)

迷恋，强烈爱好:兴趣
　
笑声:幽默
崇拜，爱慕:喜欢
忠诚:崇拜
天真(无辜):无知
暴力:不满，厌恶

MOSAIC: CERAMIC::

sculpture: gallery
song: note
painting: brush
patchwork: cloth
scam: stitch

————————————————————————
答案：(D)

马赛克:陶器
　
雕塑:画廊
歌曲:音符
绘画:画笔
补缀品:布料
缝儿:针脚:缝线

FOOT: PERAMBULATE::

nose: pry
archive: accumulate
text: cite
door: shut
eye: observe

————————————————————————
答案：(E)

脚:闲荡，徘徊(巡行)
　
>鼻子:刺探(撬)
档案:积累
课文(讲稿):引证
门:关上
眼睛:观察


AGRARIAN: FARMING::

urban: society
mercantile: trade
nautical: sailor
pastoral: pasture
global : region

————————————————————————
答案：(B)

耕地的，农业的:务农
　
城市的:社会
贸易的，商业的:贸易
航海的，水手的:水手
田园的，乡村的:牧场
全球的:地区

GULLIBLE: CHICANERY::

servile: domination
provincial: cosmopolitanism
adventurous: timidity
hypochondriacal: infection
placid: deliberation

————————————————————————
答案：(A)

易受骗上当的:诈骗(狡辩)
　
奴性的:控制，支配
地方性的，褊狭的:世界主义
冒险的:胆怯
忧郁症的，癔想症的:感染
平静的:深思熟虑(故意)

LIST: DISCOGRAPHY::

payment: receipt
blood: corpuscle
tool: hoe
music: note
amphibian: mammal

————————————————————————
答案：(C)

目录:唱片分类目录
　
偿付:收据
血液:血球
工具:锄头
音乐:音符
两栖动物:哺乳动物

ALLOY: PURITY::

standardize: conformity
compute: accuracy
variegate: diversity
thin: density
experiment: superiority

————————————————————————
答案：(D)

搀和(合金n.):纯度
　
使标准化:一致
计算:精确性
使多样化(使斑驳):多样化
使薄，使稀:密度
实验:优越性


GRAMMAR: LANGUAGE::

pitch: music
protocol: conduct
stanza: poetry
revision : speech
oratory: ceremony

————————————————————————
答案：(B)

语法:语言
　
音高:音乐
外交礼仪(协议):行为
诗节:诗歌
校订，修正:发言
演讲(术):仪式，典礼


　　　It is their sensitive response to
　　human circumstance that accounts for
　　the persistence of certain universal
　　ideas. Rabbi Meir, a second-century
(5) scholar, admonished his disciples to
　　look not at the pitcher but at its
　　contents because, he stated, "Many
　　a new pitcher has been found to be
　　full of old wine." This was his way
(10) of emphasizing the importance of the
　　distinction between form and idea.
　　and of stressing that the integrity
　　of an idea is more important than
　　the form of its expression.
(15) 　Creative ideas not only produce
　　their own instruments of survival
　　as time and circumstances demand,
　　but permit the substitution of new
　　forms for old under the pressure of
(20) chanced circumstances. For example
　　democracy, as an idea, originated
　　in ancient, Greece and was carried
　　from there to Western Europe and the
　　Americas. But it did not retain the
(25) ancient Greek form: it passed through
　　several reforming processes and exists
　　today in many countries. Democratic
　　governments differ in form because
　　democracy is in principle dynamic
(30) and has therefore responded to local
　　needs.

The author is primarily concerned
with
illustrating the importance of a
historical figure
discussing an important characte-
ristic of human ideas
describing the history of the
growth of democracy
contrasting ancient and modern
views of the importance of creative
ideas
evaluating the contribution of
ancient Greece to modern a government

————————————————————————
答案：(B)
　　　正是某些普遍性思想对人类境况的敏感反应，才能解释它们何以经久不衰。
Rabbi Meir，一个公元二世纪的学者，谆谆教诲他们弟子不要徒将眼光集中在壶的
外形上，而应该审视壶中的内含物，因为如他所述，“许多新壶被发现盛满了陈酒。”
这是他自己特有的表达方式，用来强调区分内容和形式的重要性，强调思想的完整
性要比表达思想的形式更为重要。
　
　　正如时代和环境所要求的那样，创造性思想不仅仅产生出使它们自身得以幸存
下来的媒介，而且亦允许在已经更替变迁的环境的压力下，以新的形式替旧的形式。
例如，民主作为一种理念，起源于古希腊，并从那里传播至欧洲和美洲。但它并没
有保留古希腊的原有形式：它经历了几个改造过程，今天存在于许多国家。民主政
府在形式上不尽相同，因为民主在原则上是一个动态的概念，并且它也顺应了各种
地方性的局部需求。

According to the passage, democracy
is an example of
a human circumstance that has
molded creative ideas
an instrument of survival that
has altered its original form
an attribute of a creative idea
that has allowed that idea to persist
a creative idea that has persisted
because of its adaptability
a reforming process that has
culminated in the creation of modern
governments

————————————————————————
答案：(D)
　　　正是某些普遍性思想对人类境况的敏感反应，才能解释它们何以经久不衰。
Rabbi Meir，一个公元二世纪的学者，谆谆教诲他们弟子不要徒将眼光集中在壶的
外形上，而应该审视壶中的内含物，因为如他所述，“许多新壶被发现盛满了陈酒。”
这是他自己特有的表达方式，用来强调区分内容和形式的重要性，强调思想的完整
性要比表达思想的形式更为重要。
　
　　正如时代和环境所要求的那样，创造性思想不仅仅产生出使它们自身得以幸存
下来的媒介，而且亦允许在已经更替变迁的环境的压力下，以新的形式替旧的形式。
例如，民主作为一种理念，起源于古希腊，并从那里传播至欧洲和美洲。但它并没
有保留古希腊的原有形式：它经历了几个改造过程，今天存在于许多国家。民主政
府在形式上不尽相同，因为民主在原则上是一个动态的概念，并且它也顺应了各种
地方性的局部需求。

The "new pitcher" mentioned in
line 8 is the equivalent of which
of the following elements in the
author's discussion of democracy
(lines 20-31)?
Ancient Greece
The idea of democracy
A modern democratic government
A dynamic principle
The Greek form of democracy

————————————————————————
答案：(C)
　　　正是某些普遍性思想对人类境况的敏感反应，才能解释它们何以经久不衰。
Rabbi Meir，一个公元二世纪的学者，谆谆教诲他们弟子不要徒将眼光集中在壶的
外形上，而应该审视壶中的内含物，因为如他所述，“许多新壶被发现盛满了陈酒。”
这是他自己特有的表达方式，用来强调区分内容和形式的重要性，强调思想的完整
性要比表达思想的形式更为重要。
　
　　正如时代和环境所要求的那样，创造性思想不仅仅产生出使它们自身得以幸存
下来的媒介，而且亦允许在已经更替变迁的环境的压力下，以新的形式替旧的形式。
例如，民主作为一种理念，起源于古希腊，并从那里传播至欧洲和美洲。但它并没
有保留古希腊的原有形式：它经历了几个改造过程，今天存在于许多国家。民主政
府在形式上不尽相同，因为民主在原则上是一个动态的概念，并且它也顺应了各种
地方性的局部需求。

It can be inferred from the
passage that the author would
disagree most with which of the
following assertions?
Changing circumstances sometimes
give rise to original ideas.
Creative ideas have universal
applications.
Changing human needs influence
universal ideas.
Democratic institutions are
appropriate in the modern world.
An idea must be expressed in
a traditional way.

————————————————————————
答案：(E)
　　　正是某些普遍性思想对人类境况的敏感反应，才能解释它们何以经久不衰。Rabbi Meir，一个公元二世纪的学者，谆谆教诲他们弟子不要徒将眼光集中在壶的
外形上，而应该审视壶中的内含物，因为如他所述，“许多新壶被发现盛满了陈酒。”
这是他自己特有的表达方式，用来强调区分内容和形式的重要性，强调思想的完整
性要比表达思想的形式更为重要。
　
　　正如时代和环境所要求的那样，创造性思想不仅仅产生出使它们自身得以幸存
下来的媒介，而且亦允许在已经更替变迁的环境的压力下，以新的形式替旧的形 式。
例如，民主作为一种理念，起源于古希腊，并从那里传播至欧洲和美洲。但它并没
有保留古希腊的原有形式：它经历了几个改造过程，今天存在于许多国家。民主政
府在形式上不尽相同，因为民主在原则上是一个动态的概念，并且它也顺应了各种
地方性的局部需求。


　　　Before 1965 many scientists pictured
　　the circulation of the ocean's water
　　mass as consisting of large, slow-
　　moving currents, such as the Gulf
(5) Stream. That view, based on 100
　　years of observations made around
　　the globe, produced only a rough
　　approximation of the true circulation.
　　But in the 1950's and the 1960's,
(10) researchers began to employ newly
　　developed techniques and equipment,
　　including subsurface floats that
　　move with ocean currents and emit
　　identification signals, and ocean-
(15) current meters that record data for
　　months at fixed locations in the
　　ocean. These instruments disclosed
　　an unexpected level of variability
　　in the deep ocean. Rather than being
(20) characterized by smooth, large-scale
　　currents that change seasonally (if
　　at all), the seas are dominated by
　　what oceanographers call mesoscale
　　fields: fluctuating, energetic flows
(25) whose velocity can reach ten times
　　the mean velocity of the major currents.
　　　Mesoscale phenomena-the oceanic
　　analogue of weather systems-often
　　extend to distances of 100 kilometers
(30) and persist for 100 days(weather
　　systems generally extend about 1,000
　　kilometers and last 3 to 5 days in
　　any given area). More than 90 percent
　　of the kinetic energy of the entire
(35) ocean may be accounted for by mesoscale
　　variability rather than by large-scale
　　currents. Mesoscale phenomena may,
　　in fact, play a significant role in
　　oceanic mixing, air-sea interactions,
(40) and occasional but far-reaching-
　　climatic events such as EI Nino.
　　The atmospheric-occanic disturbance
　　in the equatorial Pacific that
　　aftects global weather patterns.
(45 ) 　Unfortunately, it is not feasible
　　to use conventional techniques to
　　measure mesoscale fields. To measure
　　them properly, monitoring equipment
　　would have to be laid out on a grid
(50) at intervals of at most 50 kilometers,
　　with sensors at each grid point
　　lowered deep in the ocean and kept
　　there for many months. Because using
　　these techniques would be prohibitively
(55) expensive and time-consuming, it was
　　proposed in 1979 that tomography be
　　adapted to measuring the physical
　　properties of the ocean. In medical
　　tomography x-rays map the human body's
(60) density variations (and hence internal
　　organs); the information from the
　　x-rays, transmitted through the body
　　along many different paths, is
　　recombined to form three-dimensional
(65) images of the body's interior. It is
　　primarily this multiplicative increase
　　in data obtained from the multipath
　　transmission of signals that accounts
　　for oceanographers' attraction to
(70) tomography: it allows the measurement
　　of vast areas with relatively few
　　instruments. Researchers reasoned
　　that low-frequency sound waves,
　　because they are so well described
(75) mathematically and because even small
　　perturbations in emitted sound waves
　　can be detected, could be transmitted
　　through the ocean over many, different
　　paths and that the properties of the
(80) ocean's interior-its temperature,
　　salinity, density, and speed of
　　currents-could be deduced on the
　　basis of how the ocean altered the
　　signals. Their initial trials were
(85) highly successful, and ocean acoustic
　　tomography was born.

According to the passage, scien-
tists are able to use ocean acoustic
tomography to deduce the properties
of the ocean's interior in part
because
low-frequency sound waves are
well described mathematic ally
mesoscale phenomena are so large
as to be easily detectable
information from sound waves
can be recombined more easily than
information from x-rays
tomography is better suited to
measuring mesoscale phenomena than
to measuring, small-scale systems.
density variations in the ocean
are mathematically predictable.!

————————————————————————
答案：(A)
　　1965年之前，许多科学家将海洋水体的循环描绘成为是由大规模的、缓慢移动
的水流构成的，诸如墨西哥湾流。这种以过去一百年在全球进行的观察为基础的观
点，对于真正的水体循环而言，仅仅勾划出了一种粗略的近似情形。但在二十世纪
的五十年代和六十年代，科研人员开始采用新研制的技术装备，包括随海流一起流
动并能发射辨认信号的水下漂浮器，以及能在海洋的固定地点连续几个月记录数据
的海洋水流仪。这些仪器揭示出，在海洋深处存在着一种其程度超乎人们意料的变
化性。海洋并非以平稳、大规模、随季节变化（倘若真会发生变化的话）的水流为
其特征，相反，海洋以海洋学家们所谓的中尺度水域为主，即那些波动变化的、强
劲的水流，其速度可达到主要海流平均速度的十倍。
　
　　中尺度现象——与气候系统的海洋中的类似情形——通常达到100公里的距
离，并持续100天之久（气候系统一般在任何一个特定的地区达到约1000公里的
距离，并持续三至五天）。整个海洋百分之九十以上的动作有可能是由中尺度变化
现象造成的，而非由大规模海流造成的。中尺度现象事实上有可能发挥着一个重要
作用，造成了海洋混合、空气—海洋交互作用、偶然发生但却影响深远的诸如厄尔
尼诺一类的气候事件、以及发生在赤道太平洋一带并影响全球气候模式的大气—海
洋干扰。
　
　　不幸的是，采用传统的常规技术去测量中尺度水域目前却不可行。为了恰当地
测量它们，监测设备必须被设置在一网络上，彼此的间距最多为五十公里，位于每
个网点的感应器沉放至海洋深处，并在许多个月中一直固定在那里。由于采用这些
技术，不仅仅其费用昂贵得令人却步，而且亦十分耗时，因此人们在1979年提议，
采用X线体层照相术（tomography）来测量海洋的物理属性。在医用X线体层照相
术中，X射线可绘制出人体的密度变化（并由此而绘制出人体器官）；来自X射线的
信息，沿着不同的通道经由人体传输出来，并被重新合起来，从而形成一个有关人
体内部的三维图像。从根本上说，正是从信号的多通道传输中获取的数据的这种乘
法增加，才足以说明海洋学家们对X线体层照相术为何情有独衷：它允许以相对少
量的仪器来测量大片的海域。据科研人员推断，低频声波，由于科学家能对它们作
出如此精确的数学描述，并且在被释放的声波中即使是微弱的干扰也能被发现，可
以通过许多不同的途径经由海洋传输出来，海洋内部的属性——它的温度、盐分含
量、密度、以及海流速度——可以在海洋是如何改变信号的基础上得以推断出来。
它们的最初试验极为成功，而海洋声学X线体层照相术也宣告诞生。