Moas were tall, flightless birds that lived only in New Zealand.
Before humans settled in New Zealand, moas had no serious predators and
were plentiful. Moas became extinct after humans began hunting them.
So hunting by humans must have caused the moas extinction.
　
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the argument above?

Some moa species lived in parts of New Zealand that were among the
　last to be settled by humans.
Humans in New Zealand hunted a mammalian species that, though vulnerable
　to indigenous predators, never became extinct.
Humans introduced to New Zealand several animal species that preyed
　on moas.
Moas still existed in some parts of New Zealand approximately 500 years
　after the arrival of the first humans in New Zealand.
Some species of moa were able to outrun humans.

————————————————————————
答案：(C)

问题：下面那一个，if true，最严重削弱上面的论述？
读题：Maos是仅存在于新西兰的一种高大但不会飞的鸟。在人定居新西兰之前，Maos没有
　　　什么可怕的天敌，数量极多。当人们开始猎取它们后，Maos几乎绝迹了。所以，
　　　肯定是人类的打猎造成了Maos的绝迹。
　
分析：上面是一个事实，Maos绝迹；认为人类的打猎是原因。
反对：　1、有其他的原因导致其绝迹
　 2、直接说人类的打猎和Maos绝迹无关。
　
A. 一些Maos栖息在新西兰人类定居最晚的一部分地区。
B. 新西兰人也猎取一种哺乳动物。这种动物虽然也易受本地天敌的攻击，却并未灭绝。
C. 人们引入新西兰好几种捕食Maos的动物。
　　（不是打猎造成的，而是动物捕杀）
　
D. 大约第一批人进驻新西兰500年之后，Maos仍存在于新西兰的某些地区。

　 During six days, Monday through Saturday, a walker is planning to
take five walks—the gorge walk, the lake walk, the pinewoods walk. the
river walk, and the village walk—at a mountain resort. The village
walk requires two entire consecutive days; the other four walks each
require exactly one entire day. The walker s plans will conform to
the following constraints, imposed by the nature of the walks:
　
　The gorge walk must be planned for Monday or else for Tuesday.
　Friday and Saturday cannot be the pair of days for which the village
　　walk is planned.
　The lake walk can be planned for neither t he day before nor the day
　　after the village walk.
If the walker s plan includes the pinewoods walk for Wednesday,
which of the following must the plan also include?
The gorge walk for Monday
The lake walk for Monday
The lake walk for Tuesday
The river walk for Saturday
The village walk for a pair of days that include Tuesday

————————————————————————
答案：(D)

If the walker s plan includes the pinewoods walk for Tuesday, which
of the following CANNOT be included in that plan?
The lake walk for Monday
The lake walk for Friday
The pinewoods walk for Monday
The pinewoods walk for Wednesday
The river walk for Monday

————————————————————————
答案：(B)

If the walker s plan includes the pinewoods walk and the river walk, in
that order, on consecutive days, then those two days must be the two
days that
follow the gorge walk
follow the lake walk
follow the village walk
precede the lake walk
precede the village walk

————————————————————————
答案：(C)

Which of the following is a complete and accurate list of days for
any one of which the walker can plan a lake walk?
Monday, Tuesday
Monday, Tuesday, Friday
Tuesday, Friday, Saturday
Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Saturday
Monday, Tuesday, Friday, Saturday

————————————————————————
答案：(E)

If the walker s plan assigns the lake walk to some day before the
village walk, the plan must also assign the
lake walk to some day before the gorge walk
lake walk to some day before the pinewoods walk
pinewoods walk to some day before the river walk
pinewoods walk to some day before the village walk
river walk to some day before the village walk

————————————————————————
答案：(B)

Which of the following is true about the walker s plan?
The gorge walk must be planned for some day before the village walk.
The gorge and lake wa lks must be planned for consecutive days.
The pinewoods and river walks must be planned for consecutive days.
The village walk must be planned for Wednesday.
The lake walk or the pinewoods walk must be the walk planned for Saturday.

————————————————————————
答案：(A)

　A police captain is making patrol assignments for six officers—King,
Lee, Morales, Nini, O Hagan, and Paredes. Two of the officers will be
assigned to car 1. and another three will be assigned to car 2. The
remaining officer will be on desk duty. The following restrictions on
assignments apply:
　
　King can only be assigned to a car if O Hagan is also assigned to that car.
　Neither Lee nor Nini can be assigned to car 1.
　Lee cannot be assigned to the same car as Paredes.
Which of the following can be the pair of officers assigned to car 1?
King and Morales
King and O Hagan
Lee and O Hagan
Lee and Paredes
Morales and Nini

————————————————————————
答案：(B)
读题：一个警官分配6个officer巡逻，K、L、M、N、O、P，2个在car 1, 3个在car 2,
　　　留下的一个为duty
写条件：
　　　1、 K→KO （表示仅仅当O在某车上，K才能够在那辆车上）
2、 L,N≠1 （表示 L,N不在1）
3、 ～(LP) （表示L和P不再一组）
　
分析:
方法1
由K→KO可以把本题分为三种情况
*1: K在第一组
1:KO
2:N,L/P,M
duty:L/P
*2:K在第二组
1: PM
2: L/N KO
duty: L/N
*3: K在duty
1: P O/M
2: LN O/M
duty:K
　
　
*** 方法2
一共相当于3组, 其数字分配为2,3,1
现在L,N≠1, 因此就一定在第二组或者作为duty, 而duty只有一人,因此L,N之中一定至少有
一人在第二组

If Lee is the officer assigned to desk duty, which of the following
officers must be assigned to car 2?
King
Morales
Nini
O Hagan
Paredes

————————————————————————
答案：(C)
读题：一个警官分配6个officer巡逻，K、L、M、N、O、P，2个在car 1, 3个在car 2,
　　　留下的一个为duty
写条件：
　　　1、 K→KO （表示仅仅当O在某车上，K才能够在那辆车上）
2、 L,N≠1 （表示 L,N不在1）
3、 ～(LP) （表示L和P不再一组）
　
分析:
方法1
由K→KO可以把本题分为三种情况
*1: K在第一组
1:KO
2:N,L/P,M
duty:L/P
*2:K在第二 组
1: PM
2: L/N KO
duty: L/N
*3: K在duty
1: P O/M
2: LN O/M
duty:K
　
　
*** 方法2
一共相当于3组, 其数字分配为2,3,1
现在L,N≠1, 因此就一定在第二组或者作为duty, 而duty只有一人,因此L,N之中一定至少有
一人在第二组

If Morales is assigned to car 2, then the two officers assigned to
car 1 can be
King and Lee
King and Paredes
Lee and O Hagan
Nini and O Hagan
O Hagan and Paredes"

————————————————————————
答案：(E)
读题：一个警官分配6个officer巡逻，K、L、M、N、O、P，2个在car 1, 3个在car 2,
　　　留下的一个为duty
写条件：
　　　1、 K→KO （表示仅仅当O在某车上，K才能够在那辆车上）
2、 L,N≠1 （表示 L,N不在1）
3、 ～(LP) （表示L和P不再一组）
　
分析:
方法1
由K→KO可以把本题分为三种情况
*1: K在第一组
1:KO
2:N,L/P,M
duty:L/P
*2:K在第二组
1: PM
2: L/N KO
duty: L/N
*3: K在duty
1: P O/M
2: LN O/M
duty:K
　
　
*** 方法2
一共相当于3组, 其数字分配为2,3,1
现在L,N≠1, 因此就一定在第二组或者作为duty, 而duty只有一人,因此L,N之中一定至少有
一人在第二组

如果M=2, 那么哪两个官员可以在第1组?
本题直接对选项进行排除就能得到E对
　

The three officers assigned to car 2 can be
King, Morales, and O Hagan
King, Morales, and Paredes
Lee, Morales, and Paredes
Lee, Nini, and O Hagan
Nini, O Hagan. and Paredes%

————————————————————————
答案：(D)
读题：一个警官分配6个officer巡逻，K、L、M、N、O、P，2个在car 1, 3个在car 2,
　　　留下的一个为duty
写条件：
　　　1、 K→KO （表示仅仅当O在某车上，K才能够在那辆车上）
2、 L,N≠1 （表示 L,N不在1）
3、 ～(LP) （表示L和P不再一组）
　
分析:
方法1
由K→KO可以把本题分为三种情况
*1: K在第一组
1:KO
2:N,L/P,M
duty:L/P
*2:K在第二组
1: PM
2: L/N KO
duty: L/N
*3: K在duty
1: P O/M
2: LN O/M
duty:K
　
　
*** 方法2
一共相当于3组, 其数字分配为2,3,1
现在L,N≠1, 因此就一定在第二组或者作为duty, 而duty只有一人,因此L,N之中一定至少有
一人在第二组

分配给2的三个官员可以是?
＊选项A ,B都没有包含L, N中至少一个，所以不对
＊选项C违反～(LP)
＊选项E, NOP在第二组,则得到L一定为duty, 那么K在第一组,K→KO，座椅O也在第一组
这与已知O在第二组相违背
　

If King is not assigned to car 1, which of the following is an
officer who must be assigned to car I ?
Lee
Morales
Nini
O Hagan
Paredes

————————————————————————
答案：(E)
读题：一个警官分配6个officer巡逻，K、L、M、N、O、P，2个在car 1, 3个在car 2,
　　　留下的一个为duty
写条件：
　　　1、 K→KO （表示仅仅当O在某车上，K才能够在那辆车上）
2、 L,N≠1 （表示 L,N不在1）
3、 ～(LP) （表示L和P不再一组）
　
分析:
方法1
由K→KO可以把本题分为三种情况
*1: K在第一组
1:KO
2:N,L/P,M
duty:L/P
*2:K在第二组
1: PM
2: L/N KO
duty: L/N
*3: K在duty
1: P O/M
2: LN O/M
duty:K
　
　
*** 方法2
一共相当于3组, 其数字分配为2,3,1
现在L,N≠1, 因此就一定在第二组或者作为duty, 而duty只有一人,因此L,N之中一定至少有
一人在第二组

If Nini is the officer assigned to desk duty, then the three officers
assigned to car 2 must be
King, Lee, and O Hagan
King, Morales, and O Hagan
King, Morales, and Paredes
Lee, Morales, and O Hagan
Lee, Morales, and Paredes#

————————————————————————
答案：(A)
读题：一个警官分配6个officer巡逻，K、L、M、N、O、P，2个在car 1, 3个在car 2,
　　　留下的一个为duty
写条件：
　　　1、 K→KO （表示仅仅当O在某车上，K才能够在那辆车上）
2、 L,N≠1 （表示 L,N不在1）
3、 ～(LP) （表示L和P不再一组）
　
分析:
方法1
由K→KO可以把本题分为三种情况
*1: K在第一组
1:KO
2:N,L/P,M
duty:L/P
*2:K在第二组
1: PM
2: L/N KO
duty: L/N
*3: K在duty
1: P O/M
2: LN O/M
duty:K
　
　
*** 方法2
一共相当于3组, 其数字分配为2,3,1
现在L,N≠1, 因此就一定在第二组或者作为duty, 而duty只有一人,因此L,N之中一定至少有
一人在第二组

如果N=duty,那么谁一定在2?
　N=duty，那么L一定在2, 由～(LP)得到P一定在1
第一组一共需要分配两人，现在已经有一人，因此由谁导致谁的条件中的元素就不
能在第一组. 所以K一定在第二组，第二组为K,O,P

Kyle: The rate of highway fatalities per 100 million miles driven was
　　about a third lower last year than ten years ago. The decrease is mainly
　　attributable to greater use of seat belts and to less drinking of alcohol
　　by drivers, but last year s sluggish economy also contributed, by curtai-　ling driving.
　
Lisa: The economy could not have been a factor, because even if fewer
　　fatalities occur when fewer miles are driven, the number "per 100 million
　　miles driven" is what you were discussing, and that figure would not
　　fall merely because fewer miles were driven.
Lisa s objection is based on
indicating, that a confusion between cause and effect has taken place
distinguishing between total number of instances and rate of occurrence
proposing an alternative way of interpreting the data presented
pointing out that statistics can be misleading if selected to prove
a point
showing that lack of precision has caused a relevant ambiguity

————————————————————————
答案：(B)

Lisa的反对是基于：
A. 指出混淆因果。
B. 区分时间总数和发生比率。　　　　
　　Kyle认为经济萧条限制驾驶，英里数少，就能够导致死亡率降低。
　　而Lisa认为你讨论的是每行驶1亿英里数死亡人数，是一个比率。英里数少，也许
总死亡人数会变少，但是比率不一定降低。事件总数和发生比率是两回事。
　
C. 提出另一种解释所提的数据。
D. 指出用统计来证明观点时，统计会误导人。
E. 表明精确度不高会导致模糊概念。

Which of the following, if true, would provide Kyle with the strongest defense to Lisa s challenge?
If roads are less crowded, a driver s error or a mechanical failure is less
　likely to result in a fatal collision.
During the past three years, the weather in the region for which the
　statistics were compiled has been unusually hazardous for drivers.
When the economy is sluggish, fewer vehicles are driven by shoppers, by
　delivery persons, and by vacationers.
Seat belts are more effective when used in conjunction with air bags, and
　more and more new cars are being equipped with air bags.
Sluggishness in the economy increases the proportion of old cars on the road, as
　people postpone the replacement of old cars or buy used cars instead of new cars.

————————————————————————
答案：(A)

问题：下面那一个，if true，提供给Kyle反对Lisa的最有利支持？
（其实也就是Kyle对Lisa反戈一击）
　
A. 若车道不太拥挤，司机操作失误或机械故障就不太可能导致致命的撞车现象。
　　低迷的经济导致车少，而车少导致致命的碰撞减少，死亡数目减少，死亡率就
　　可能降低，注意SUPPORT不需要具有充分必要性，只要有支持作用就可以了。
　
B. 过去三年内，进行统计的地区的天气对司机行车非常不利。
C. 经济停滞时期，购物者、送货者及度假者开车的更少了。
　　（没有与死亡数目挂钩）
　　
D. 当安全带配上汽袋后，安全带就更为有效，并且越来越多的人开始配置汽 袋。
E. 经济停滞增加了路上旧车的比例，因为人们推延旧车换新车的打算，或者因为经济
　　拮据干脆买二手车。

In household electric ovens, the heating element has only two settings—
on and off. A thermostat connected to the oven s temperature knob is
the only control on temperature, automatically switching the element
off when the indicated temperature is reached, which happens quickly
in modern ovens, and subsequently on or off as needed to maintain
temperature.
　
Which of the following statements is most strongly supported by the information above?

Because in each case the heating element alternates between on and off, a modern
　household electric oven uses little more power at its maximum temperature
　setting than it does at its lowest temperature setting.
Once the indicated temperature has been reached and is being maintained by
　the thermostat, the heating element will be switched off for a greater
　proportion of the time than it is switched on.
The accuracy with which household electric ovens maintain their temperature
　could not be improved on by ovens whose heating elements have more than two
　settings.
In a correctly functioning modern household electric oven, tile thermostat
　will generally not switch the heating element off when the oven s temperature is
　more than a few degrees above the indicated temperature.
If the thermostat of a modern household electric oven is disabled so that the
　heating element remains switched on, the oven s temperature can eventually
　become higher than the maximum temperature setting on its temperature knob.

————————————————————————
答案：(E)

问题：下面那一个陈述最被上面的信息所支持？
读题：家用电子烤箱的供热系统仅有两种状态开和关，与烤箱温度柄相连的恒温器是对温
　　　度的仅有控制，当达到设定的温度时就会自动关上。之后根据保持温度的需要自动
　　　打开关闭。
　
A. 由于家用电子烤箱的供热系统总在开、关两种状态转换，因此最高温度状态比最低温
度状态多用不了多少电。
(没有涉及用电量的比较)
　 　
B. 一旦达到设定的温度并由怛温器保证该温度的话，供热系统关闭的时间要比打开的时
　　间长。（上文没有涉及这两方面时间的比较）
　　
C. 即使供热系统具有两种以上状态的烤箱也无 法提高家用电子烤箱保持温度的精确度。
D. 在运转正常的现代家用电子烤箱中，如果烤箱的温度要比设定的温度还要高好几度，
　　恒温器一般不会关闭供热系统。
E. 如果现代家用电子烤箱的恒温器坏了，而供热系统一直开着，那么最后烤箱的温度就
　　可能超过温度柄所设定的最高温度。
　（原来是到设定温度就关闭，现在坏了，供热系统继续开，当然最后温度就有可能超过)e

Artificial light _______ the respiratory activity of some microorganisms
in the winter but not in the summer, in part because in the summer their
respiration is already at its peak and thus cannot be _______

stimulates.. lessened
inhibits.. quickened
reflects.. expanded
elevates.. measured
enhances.. increased

————————————————————————
答案：(E)

respiratory: a.呼吸的，呼吸器管的，呼吸作用的
microorganism: n.微生物
inhibit: v.1.抑制，约束 2.[化][医]抑制
elevate: v.1.举起，提高，使上升 2.提升…的职位，提高（嗓门，信心等），改善
3.使情绪高昂
　
人造光能增强某些微生物体在夏季的呼吸活动，但在夏季却不能，部分原因是因为它们的
呼吸在夏季早已处于高峰状态，故而已到了无以复加的地步。

Doreen justifiably felt she deserved recognition for the fact that
the research institute had been _____a position of preeminence, since
it was she who had ______ the transformation.

reduced to.. controlled
raised to.. observed
mired in.. imagined
maintained in.. created
returned to.. directed

————————————————————————
答案：(E)

justifiably: adv.无可非议地，可辩护地，情有可原地
preeminence: n.卓越，杰出
mire: v.使陷入泥潭，使陷困境
　
戴莲理直气壮地觉得她理应得到人们的褒奖，因为研究院再度回到了昔日的卓越地位，而
正是她一手导演了这一变迁。