College librarian: Until three years ago, nonstudents
used the library without charge. Then, because of our
decreased budget, they were asked to pay $100 per year.
Nevertheless, about 150 nonstudents still use the library
without paying. We will therefore gain financially if we
hire a guard to identify nonstudents and ensure that they
have paid the fee.
　
Which of the following would it be most important to
know in order to evaluate the librarian s conclusion ?

The number of students who use the library annually.
The library s budget this year.
Whether the library has installed an expensive
　computerized cataloging system.
How much the library s budget was decreased three
　years ago.
The annual cost to the library of hiring a guard.

————————————————————————
答案：(E)

The first people to inhabit North America came from
Asia. Scientists had hypothesized that these people
traveled across a now-submerged landmass that connected
the two continents until 14,000 years ago, depending for
food only on the land animals they hunted as they traveled.
Recent discoveries have led to the new hypothesis that the
first people came by boat along the southern shore of the
landmass, eating fish and sea mammals.
　
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the new hypothesis
by casting doubt on the earlier hypothesis?

The landmass connecting North America and Asia extended
　very far to the north.
In Europe, maritime cultures primarily dependent on the
　sea for food developed no earlier than 10,000 years ago.
People living in Asia at the time the two continents
　were connected hunted land animals for food.
The landmass was so bitterly cold that its vegetation
　would have been too sparse to support land animals.
Sophisticated and mature cultures that display great
　similarities to each other existed as far bac k as 8,000
　years ago in North America and Asia.

————————————————————————
答案：(D)

A backpacker is choosing a route through a national park
that has six campsites—Quakerbridge, Rockside, Stonybrook,
Terraces, Underhill, and Vernon. The backpacker will spend
exactly four consecutive nights in the park, with one night
at Underhill and with one night each in three of the other
campsites. Any route is acceptable as long as it conforms
to the following conditions:
　
　If Quakerbridge is chosen, Rockside must also be chosen.
　Rockside and Terraces cannot both be chosen.
　Terraces cannot be chosen for the night that comes next
　　after the night spent at Underhill.
Which of the following is an acceptable sequence of
campsites, from first to last?
Quakerbridge, Rockside, Terraces, Underhill
Quakerbridge, Rockside, Vernon, Stonybrook
Quakerbridge, Rockside, Vernon, Underhill
Quakerbridge, Stonybrook, Terraces, Underhill
Stonybrook, Underhill, Terraces, Vernon

————————————————————————
答案：(C)

If Quakerbridge is chosen, which of the following
campsites CANNOT be among those chosen?
Rockside
Stonybrook
Terraces
Underhill
Vernon

————————————————————————
答案：(C)

If the third night is spent at Terraces, then the
second night must be spent at either
Quakerbridge or Vernon
Rockside or Stonybrook
Stonybrook or Vernon
Underhill or Stonybrook
Underhill or Vernon

————————————————————————
答案：(C)

Of the following decisions, which will allow the
backpacker to choose a route from the largest number
of acceptable campsite sequences that include both
Terraces and Underhill?
The first night will be spent at Terraces.
The first night will be spent at Underhill.
The second night will be spent at Underhill.
The third night will be spent at Underhill.
The fourth night wil l be spent at Terraces.

————————————————————————
答案：(A)

If the backpacker chooses Stonybrook, Terraces, and
Vernon, with the stays at Stonybrook and Vernon as many
nights apart as possible, which of the following must be true?
The first night is spent at Underhill.
The first night is spent at Vernon.
The second night is spent at Terraces.
The second night is spent at Underhill.
The fourth night is spent at Vernon.

————————————————————————
答案：(C)

The parental choice program allows parents to choose
which public school in their school district their children
will attend. Districts that have adopted the program have
had a subsequent decline in the rate of high school dropouts.
The program, therefore, can improve the quality of public education.
　
Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the conclusion drawn
above?

School administrators and teachers who know that
　students have the right to transfer else where will
　become more responsive to students educational needs.
The program is one of a number of proposals that
　do hot require increases in funds for education.
Some students dropped out of schools in districts
　that had the program.
The parental choice program would require parents
　to be responsible for the transportation of their children
　to and from any school other than the one closest to home.
Most school districts have provisions that make it
　relatively easy to transfer a teacher from one school
　in the district to another.

————————————————————————
答案：(A)

Although the ratio of physicians to total population
is about the same in the United States and Canada, the
United States has 33 percent more surgeons per capita.
Clearly. this is the reason people in the United States
undergo 40 percent more operations per capita than do
Canadians.
　
The explan ation given above rests on an assumption that

patients in the United States do not have a greater
　need for surgery than do patients in Canada.
the population of the United States is not larger
　than that of Canada.
United States patients sometimes travel to Canada
　for certain kinds of surgery
general practitioners in the United States do not
　as a rule examine a patient who is a candidate for surgery
　before sending the patient to a surgeon
there are no unnecessary surgical operations performed
　in Canada.

————————————————————————
答案：(A)

问题：上面的解释所基于的假设是什么？
读题：尽管医生对总人口的比例在美国和加拿大是相同的，美国平均每人要多33%的外科
　　　医生。很明显，这是美国比加拿大平均每人要接受40%更多手术的原因。
　　
分析：很明显，第四行this is the reason说明前面是原因，后面是结论
　　
为什么美国人比加拿大人接受更多手术呢？
给出的解释是: 美国平均每人要多33%的外科医生
　　
原文用医生多解释了手术多。
此类Assumption形式一般为：
　1、没有其他的原因来解释上面这个事实。答案一般具有否定词
　2、直接假设，外科医生与手术之间的关系。
a. 美国的病人不比加拿大的病人有更多的外科手术的需求
　(去掉not, 美国的病人比加拿大的病人有更多的外科手术的需求, 表示有其他的原因，
　所以A就是ASSUMPTION)
　
b.　没有美国的人口不比加拿大多
　（文中谈的是人均）

A new ordinance passed by the Gorento Council a year
ago banned the sale of all nonrecyclable plastic packaging
for food being sold in Gorenton. A substantial percentage
of Gorenton s plastic waste, however, is still composed of
nonrecyclable plastic food packaging.
　
Which of the following, if true, best contributes to
reconciling the apparent discrepancy above?

Fewer food products are packaged in nonrecyclable
　plastics today than were so packaged a year ago.
The new ordinance affects only plastic food packaging
　and not other products packaged in plastic, many of which
　are sold in Gorenton.
Grocery and other stores in nearby suburban areas
　patronized by many Gorenton residents are unaffected by
　the new ordinance.
Many food products formerly packaged in nonrecyclable
　plastics are now specially packaged in recyclable pl astic
　before being shipped so that they can be sold in Gorenton.
The total amount of both Gorenton s trash and its
　plastic waste grew considerably over the past year.

————————————————————————
答案：(C)


One way for people to cut back on oil use is to switch
to other types of fuel.Because wood is a renewable resource
and can always be kept in constant supply, the use of wood
instead of oil for home heating would be one way to assure
the availability of energy resources in the future.
　
The argument above would be most seriously weakened if
which of the following were true?

In every country that uses wood for heating, wood is
　used to provide only part, not all of the heat for a home.
Every country that has ever used wood for heating has
　depleted its forests before the forests were able to
　regenerate themselves.
Every country that has used wood for home heating has
　done so only because it possessed a limited amount of other
　natural resources.
Many countries that use wood primarily for heating have
　a high incidence of fires that are due to improperly
　installed wood stoves.
In some countries the wood that would be used for home
　heating is owned by the government.

————————————————————————
答案：(B)

问题：如果下面哪一个正确，上面的论述将被削弱？
读题：一个削减石油使用的方法是转向其他类型的能源。因为木材是一种可以更新的能源
　　　并且总是保持不断的供应，使用木材取代石油作为家用加热是保证将来能量资源获
　　　得的一种方法。
　
分析：文中第二行because引导原因，因为木材是可以更新的能源并且可以保持不断的供应
原因由because引导，反对一般为直接反对原因
　
a. 在每一个使用木材作为加热的国家，木材提供部分而不是全部的家用加热。
　（与原因无关，木材提供部分不能够说明什么，你并没有说石油是唯一的家用加热来源
　
b. 每个曾经使用木材作为加热的国家在木材能够再生之前，已经耗尽了森林。
　（直接反对原因，无法持续不断供应）

An architect designs a row of nine town houses, numberedconsecutively 1 through 9. The row will stand apart from
any other buildings. Each house will have exactly one of
five different kinds of siding—granite, plaster, shingle,
tile, or wood. In cho osing sidings for the houses, the
architect always observes the following restrictions
　
　Each kind of siding must be used on at least one house
　　in the row.
　If a house has wood siding, it must be immediately
　　adjacent to at least one house with shingle siding.
　Neither a house with wood siding nor a house with
　　shingle siding can be immediately adjacent to a house
　　with tile siding.
　If a house has granite siding, it must be immediately
　　adjacent to at least one house with either tile siding
　　or plaster siding.
　Neither house 4 nor house 9 can have shingle siding.
Which of the following is an acceptable selection of
sidings for the first five houses in the row?
House 1 House 2 House 3 House 4 House5
Granite Plaster Shingle Wood Tile
Granite Shingle Wood Plaster Tile
Shingle Granite Wood Plaster Tile
Shingle Wood Plaster Granite Tile
Tile Granite Plaster Shingle Wood

————————————————————————
答案：(D)
读题：一个设计师设计一排9个房屋从1到9，每个屋子用5种不同类型屋顶之一
　　　g、p、s、t、w
写条件：
1、≥1 （表示每种屋顶至少被使用一次）
2、w→（ws）/（sws） （表示有W，则W和至少一个S相邻）
3、～（w/s t） （表示W,S不和t相邻）
　　4、g→(g t/p)/(tgp) （表示有g,则g和t,p至少一个相邻）
　　5、s≠4,9 （表示4,9不能为S）
　
条件总结：
由条件1知，每种屋顶至少被使用一次，
所以对条件2，条件4来说，必然存在w,g，充分条件可转化为一种固定的必然条件，
对W：一定有(ws)/（sws）
对g：一定有(g t/p)/(tgp)

If house 2 has tile siding. which of the following
can have shingle siding?
House 1
House 3
House 4
House 5
House 9

————————————————————————
答案：(D)
读题：一个设计师设计一排9个房屋从1到9，每个屋子用5种不同类型屋顶之一
　　　g、p、s、t、w
写条件：
1、≥1 （表示每种屋顶至少被使用一次）
2、w→（ws）/（sws） （表示有W，则W和至少一个S相邻）
3、～（w/s t） （表示W,S不和t相邻）
　　4、g→(g t/p)/(tgp) （表示有g,则g和t,p至少一个相邻）
　　5、s≠4,9 （表示4,9不能为S）
　
条件总结：
由条件1知，每种屋顶至少被使用一次，
所以对条件2，条件4来说，必然存在w,g，充分条件可转化为一种固定的必然条件，
对W：一定有(ws)/（sws）
对g：一定有(g t/p)/(tgp)

If houses 1 and 3 have granite sidings, and houses
5 and 7 have Plaster siding, then the siding on house 8
must be
granite
plaster
shingle
tile
wood

————————————————————————
答案：(C)
读题：一个设计师设计一排9个房屋从1到9，每个屋子用5种不同类型屋顶之一
　　　g、p、s、t、w
写条件：
1、≥1 （表示每种屋顶至少被使用一次）
2、w→（ws）/（sws） （表示有W，则W和至少一个S相邻）
3、～（w/s t） （表示W,S不和t相邻）
　　4、g→(g t/p)/(tgp) （表示有g,则g和t,p至少一个相邻）
　　5、s≠4,9 （表示4,9不能为S）
　
条件总结：
由条件1知，每种屋顶至少被使用一次，
所以对条件2，条件4来说，必然存在w,g，充分条件可转化为一种固定的必然条件，
对W：一定有(ws)/（sws）
对g：一定有(g t/p)/(tgp)

如果1,3=g, 5,7=p，那么8是谁？
　解题步骤：
　1　3　5　7　8　9
　g　g　p　p
1、找涉及g,p的条件，只有条件4可用，但它确定的是位置2=t/p
2、已经没有别的条件可以用上，到目前为止该如何下手呢？
　以前我们已经说过，排列题中面临这种情况可以选考虑一下连续，1,3,5,７已经有元
　素，使连续的地方仅留下了8,9，而条件2是一个连续条件(ws)，所以(ws)=89,
3、而s≠4,9,则s=8