If those large publishers that respond solely to popular literary trends continue to dominate the publishing market, the initial publication of new writers will depend on the writers willingness to ------- popular tastes.
struggle against cater to admire flout elude
———————————————————————— 答案:(B)
respond to: v.1.作答,回答 2.响应,作出反应 trend: n.走向趋势,动态,潮流 cater to: v.藐视,轻视,嘲弄 elude: v.1.逃避 2.不为…所记得(或理解),把…难倒 倘若那些仅仅对通俗文学趋势作出响应的大出版商们继续统治出版市场的话,那么,那些 崭露头角的作家,其最初的作品若想得以出版,将取决于这些作家须愿意迎合大众趣味。
Candidates who oppose the present state income tax must be able to propose ----- ways to ---- the financing of state operations.
intelligent.. initiate individual.. diversify innovative.. alleviate arbitrary.. maintain alternate.. continue
———————————————————————— 答案:(E)
candidate: n.候选人,申请求职者 financing: n.1.筹措资金,理财 2.筹集的资金 initiate: v.1.创始,发起,开始实施 2.使初步了解,接纳(新成员) alleviate: v.使(痛苦等)易于忍受,减轻,缓解,缓和 arbitrary: a.1.个人武断的,专制的 2.任意的 maintain: v.1.维持,保持 2.维修,保养 3.坚持,主张 alternate: a.供选择的,作为替换的 那些反对目前所实施的州所得税的候选人必须能提出另行的代替方法,以继续维持州政府 运作的资金筹措。
Although strong legal remedies for nonpayment of child support are ---- , the delay and expense associated with these remedies make it ------- to develop other options.
unpopular.. useful required.. impossible available.. imperative unavailing.. impractical nonexistent.. ridiculous
———————————————————————— 答案:(C)
remedy: n.补救(办法),纠正措施 option: n.选择 imperative: a.必要的,紧急的,极重要的 unavailing: a.徒劳的,一事无成的,无效的 ridiculous: a.引人嘲笑的,荒谬的,荒唐的 尽管针对拒付儿童扶养费所采取的强有力的法律补救措施能为人们所获取,但与这些补救 措施相伴随的耽搁和费用使得人们极有必要发展别的选择途径。
Calculus, though still indispensable to science and technology, is no longer ----- ; it has an equal partner called discrete mathematics.
preeminent pertinent beneficial essential pragmatic
———————————————————————— 答案:(A)
calculus: n.微积分 indispensable: a.1.必不可少的,必需的(to, for) 2.责无旁贷的 discrete mathematics: n.离散数学 preeminent: a.卓越的,杰出的 pertinent: a.有关系的,相关的 pragmatic: a.1.讲究实际的,实干的,重实效的 2.实用主义的 3.国事的,国务的 尽管微积分对于科学技术依然不可或缺,但已不再独占鳌头,它有一与其平分秋色的伙伴, 谓作离散数学。
Demonstrating a mastery of innuendo, he issued several ----- insults in the course of the evening s conversation.
blunt boisterous fallacious veiled embellished
———————————————————————— 答案:(D)
mastery: n.1.权力,统治,控制 2.优势,优胜 3.熟练,熟巧,精通 innuendo: n.影射(的话),暗讽(的话),含沙射影 issue: v.1.流出,出去,发出,出现 2.由…产生,由…得出(from) 3.发行,颁布 blunt: a.1.率直的,直言不讳的 2.迟钝的 boisterous: a.1.喧闹的 2.狂暴的,粗鲁的 fallacious: a.谬误的,虚妄的 veiled: a.1.蒙上面纱的,有遮蔽物的 2.模糊的 3.隐藏的,掩饰的,不明言的 embellished: a.装饰的,美化的,润饰的 在晚会的交谈过程中,他进行了多次隐晦的污辱,从而展示出他含沙射影的高超本事。
The ----- of gamblers unsuccessful decision strategies is one ----- of the illusions built into games of chance in order to misguide players and take their money.
distortion.. outcome restriction.. result maintenance.. function prediction.. accomplishment demonstration.. prerequisite
———————————————————————— 答案:(C)
gambler: n.赌博者,赌徒 distortion: n.1.扭歪,扭曲,变形 2.歪曲,曲解 3.被歪曲的形象(或事物) maintenance: n.1.维持,保持 2.维修,养护,保养 3.坚持,主张 prerequsite: n.先决条件,前提 维持赌徒们决策策略的失误,此乃那些编织到碰运气游戏中去的错觉的功能,只有这样, 才能误导赌徒,并夺取其钱财。
The natures of social history and lyric poetry are ------ , social history always recounting the ------- and lyric poetry speaking for unchanging human nature, that timeless essence beyond fashion and economics.
predetermined.. bygone antithetical.. evanescent interdependent.. unnoticed irreconcilable.. unalterable indistinguishable.. transitory
———————————————————————— 答案:(B)
lyrical poetry: n.抒情诗 < BR>recount: 详细叙述,描述,列举 timeless: a.1.不受时间影响的,无时间性的,永不改变的 2.永恒的,无始无终的 predetermined: a.预先决定的 bygone: a.消逝的,往昔的 antithetical: a.对立的,对照的,大相径庭的 evanescent: a.逐渐消失的,瞬息的,短暂的 irreconcilable: a.1.不能和解的,相对立的,反对的 2.不可调和的,不相容的 indistinguishable: a.1.难以区别的,不易察觉的 2.无明显特征的,形象模糊的 transitory: a.短暂的,片刻的,无常的 社会历史和抒情诗歌的本质是大相径庭的,社会历史总是记述过眼云烟之物,而抒情诗歌 叙述的都是恒定不变的人类本性,那种超越了时尚和经济学的永恒精华。
JOG: EXERCISE::
immunize : disease barter: trade borrow: bank punish: law vote: candidate
———————————————————————— 答案:(B)
慢跑:锻炼 免疫:疾病 以物换物:贸易 借:银行 惩罚:法律 投票:候选人
STERILE : BACTERIA::
moldy : fungus mendacious : lies desiccated : thirst colorless: rainbow impeccable : flaws
———————————————————————— 答案:(E)
洁净的(贫瘠的):细菌 发霉的:真菌 爱扯谎的,虚假的:谎言 干燥的,脱水的:渴 无颜色的:彩虹 无瑕的:瑕疵
STOKE: FUEL::
irrigate : water simulate: imitation radiate: steam choke: obstacle propel: force
———————————————————————— 答案:(A)
加煤:燃料 灌溉:水 模仿,同化:模仿 发光,发热:蒸汽 哽噎:障碍 推进:力量
ANECDOTE: AMUSEMENT::
parable: brevity lecture: instruction harangue: complacency caption: illustration slogan: repetition
———————————————————————— 答案:(B)
轶事:娱乐,消遣 寓言:简短 讲座:指示 长篇大论的演说:自满 标题;字幕;插图的说明:插图,图解 标语:重复
PORTRAIT: PAINTING::
ballet: music meter: poetry solo: ensemble biography: history documentary: event
———————————————————————— 答案:(D)
肖像:绘画 芭蕾:音乐 韵脚,(计量器):诗歌 独奏:合奏 传记:历史 记录片:事件
VENERABLE: REVERENCE::
fallible: correction viable : performance despicable : scorn credible: honor amiable: reconciliation
———————————————————————— 答案:(C)
可敬的:尊敬 易犯错误的:更正 能活的(可行的):表现(表演) 可鄙的:藐视,嘲笑 可信的:荣誉 >和蔼可亲的:和解
DOLDRUMS: ENERGY::
joy: euphoria rehabilitation: discipline hunger : thirst depravity: virtue grief: hope
———————————————————————— 答案:(D)
郁闷,萎靡不振:能量 高兴:欣欢症 恢复:纪律 饥饿:渴 堕落:美德 悲哀:希望
DISINTERESTED: PARTISANSHIP::
meticulous : preservation straightforward: argument adroit: fatigue venal : probity efficient : dispatch
———————————————————————— 答案:(D)
公正的:党派偏见 过份注意琐事的:保存 直接了当的:争论(论点) 灵巧的:疲倦 贪污的,腐败的:正直 效率高的:速办(派遣)
MERCENARY: SOLDIER::
amateur : artist apprentice : student pedant : teacher demagogue: leader hack: writer
———————————————————————— 答案:(E)
雇佣兵:士兵 业余爱好者:艺术家 学徒:学生 学究:教师 骟动者:领导者 受雇文人(乱砍v.):作家
Analyzing the physics of dance can add fundamentally to a dancer s skill. Although dancers seldom see themselves totally in physical terms-as body mass (5) moving through space under the influence of well-known forces and obeying physical laws-neither can they afford to ignore the physics of movement.For example, no matter how (10) much a dancer wishes to leap off the floor and then start turning, the law of conservation of angular momentum absolutely prevents such a movement. Some movements involving primarily (15) vertical or horizontal motions of the body as a whole, in which rotations can be ignored, can be studied using simple equations of linear motion in three dimensions. However, rotational motions (20) require more complex approaches that involve analyses of the way the body s mass is distributed, the axes of rotation involved in different types of movement, and the sources of the forces (25) that produce the rotational movement.
The primary purpose of the passage is to < BR>initiate a debate over two approaches to analyzing a field of study describe how one field of knowledge can be applied to another field point out the contradictions between two distinct theories Define and elaborate on an accepted scientific principle discuss the application of a new theory within a new setting
———————————————————————— 答案:(B) 对舞蹈的物理学原理进行分析,可以从根本上增强舞蹈者的技艺。虽然舞蹈者 很少能从物理学的角度来全面彻底地认清自己——随着身体的质量在众所周知的力 量的影响下在空间运动并遵循着物理规律——但是,他们亦不可能贸然地对运动的 物理学原理漠然无视。例如,无论舞蹈者如何渴望能从地面上跳跃起并紧接着开始 旋转,角动量的守恒律是绝对不允许这样的动作发生的。 有些主要涉及到人体全身垂直或水平运动的动作(其中,旋转可予忽略不计) 可通过利用三维线性运动的一次方程来加予研究。然而,旋转运动则要求更为复杂 的研究方法,涉及到对人体重量分配方式的研究,对不同类型的动作中所涉及到的 旋转轴的分析,以及对产生旋转动作的力量来源的分析。
The author mentions all of the following as contributing to an understanding of the physics of dance EXCEPT the law of conservation of angular momentum analyses of the way in which the body s mass is distributed equations of linear motion in three dimensions analyses of the sources that produce rotational motions the technical terms for movements such as leaps and turns
———————————————————————— 答案:(E) 对舞蹈的物理学原理进行分析,可以从根本上增强舞蹈者的技艺。虽然舞蹈者 很少能从物理学的角度来全面彻底地认清自己——随着身体的质量在众所周知的力 量的影响下在空间运动并遵循着物理规律——但是,他们亦不可能贸然地对运动的 物理学原理漠然无视。例如,无论舞蹈者如何渴望能从地面上跳跃起并紧接着开始 旋转,角动量的守恒律是绝对不允许这样的动作发生的。 有些主要涉及到人体全身垂直或水平运动的动作(其中,旋转可予忽略不计) 可通过利用三维线性运动的一次方程来加予研究。然而,旋转运动则要求更为复杂 的研究方法,涉及到对人体重量分配方式的研究,对不同类型的动作中所涉及到的 旋转轴的分析,以及对产生旋转动作的力量来源的分析。
The author implies that dancers can become more skilled by doing which of the following? Ignoring rotational movements Understanding the forces that permit
various movements Solving simple linear equations Learning the technical terms utilized by choreographers Circumventing the law of conservation of angular momentum
———————————————————————— 答案:(B) 对舞蹈的物理学 原理进行分析,可以从根本上增强舞蹈者的技艺。虽然舞蹈者 很少能从物理学的角度来全面彻底地认清自己——随着身体的质量在众所周知的力 量的影响下在空间运动并遵循着物理规律——但是,他们亦不可能贸然地对运动的 物理学原理漠然无视。例如,无论舞蹈者如何渴望能从地面上跳跃起并紧接着开始 旋转,角动量的守恒律是绝对不允许这样的动作发生的。 有些主要涉及到人体全身垂直或水平运动的动作(其中,旋转可予忽略不计) 可通过利用三维线性运动的一次方程来加予研究。然而,旋转运动则要求更为复杂 的研究方法,涉及到对人体重量分配方式的研究,对不同类型的动作中所涉及到的 旋转轴的分析,以及对产生旋转动作的力量来源的分析。
Analysis of which of the following would require the kind of complex approach described in lines 19-25? A long leap across space A short jump upward with a return to the same place A sustained and controlled turn in place Short, rapid steps forward and then backward without turning Quick sidesteps in a diagonal line
———————————————————————— 答案:(C) 对舞蹈的物理学原理进行分析,可以从根本上增强舞蹈者的技艺。虽然舞蹈者 很少能从物理学的角度来全面彻底地认清自己——随着身体的质量在众所周知的力 量的影响下在空间运动并遵循着物理规律——但是,他们亦不可能贸然地对运动的 物理学原理漠然无视。例如,无论舞蹈者如何渴望能从地面上跳跃起并紧接着开始 旋转,角动量的守恒律是绝对不允许这样的动作发生的。 有些主要涉及到人体全身垂直或水平运动的动作(其中,旋转可予忽略不计) 可通过利用三维线性运动的一次方程来加予研究。然而,旋转运动则要求更为复杂 的研究方法,涉及到对人体重量分配方式的研究,对不同类型的动作中所涉及到的 旋转轴的分析,以及对产生旋转动作的力量来源的分析。
Human relations have commanded people s attention from early times. The ways of people have been recorded in innumerable myths,folktales,novels, (5) poems,plays,and popular or philo- sophical essays. Although the full significance of a human relationship may not be directly evident, the complexity of feelings and actions that can be (10) understood at a glance is surprisingly great. For this reason psychology holds a unique position among the sciences. "Intuitive" knowledge may be remarkably penetrating (15) and can significantly help us under- stand human behavior, whereas in the physical sciences such commonsense knowledge is relatively primitive. If we erased all knowledge of scien- (20) tific physics from our modem word, not only would we not have cars and television sets, we might even find that the ordinary person was unable to cope with the fundamental mechanical (25) problems of pulleys and levers. On the other hand if we removed all knowledge of scientific psychology from our world, problems in inter- personal relations might easily be (30) coped with and solved much as before. We would still "know" how to avoid doing something asked of us and how to get someone to agree with us; we would still "know" when someone was (35) angry and when someone was pleased. One could even offer sensible expla- nations for the "whys" of much of the self s behavior and feelings. In other words, the ordinary person (40) has a great and profound understanding of the self and of other people which, though unformulated of only vaguely conceived, enables one to interact with others in more or less adaptive (45) ways. Kohler in referring to the lack of great discoveries in psychology as compared with physics, accounts for this by saying that "people were acquainted with practically all (50) territories of mental life a long time before the founding of scientific psychology." Paradoxically, with all this natural, intuitive, commonsense capacity to (55) grasp human relations, the science of human relations has been one of the last to develop. Different expla- nations of this paradox have been suggested. One is that science (60) would destroy the vain and pleasing illusions people have about themselves; but we might ask why people have always loved to read pessimistic, debunking writings, from Ecclesiastes to Freud. (65) It has also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively, there has been less incentive for studying them scientifi- cally; wh y should one develop a theory, (70) carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious? In any case, the field of human relations, with its vast literary documentation but meager scientific (75) treatment, is in great contrast to the field of physic in which there are relatively few nonscientific books.
According to the passage, it has been suggested that the science of human relations was slow to develop because intuitive knowledge of human relations is derived from philosophy early scientists were more interested in the physical world scientific studies of human relations appear to investigate the obvious the scientific method is difficult to apply to the study of human relations people generally seem to be more attracted to literary than to scientific writings about human relations
———————————————————————— 答案:(C) 自古以来,人类关系就一贯倍受人们的关注重视。人们的行为方式被记载在不 胜枚举的神话、民间传说、小说、诗歌、戏剧,以及通俗的或富于哲理性的论文中。 虽然某种人类关系的全部意义并不一定会直接明显地体现出来,然而,对于那些一 目了然的情感和行动,其复杂性却是巨大的。正因为这一原因,心理学在全部学科 中占据着一个独特的位置。“直觉性”知识可能具有令人瞩目的入木三分的洞悉力, 并能大大地帮助我们理解人类行为,而此与相反,在自然科学中,这类常识性的知 识则显得相对的原始。倘若我们将科学物理学的全部知识从我们的现代世界中彻底 抹去,我们将不仅仅不会拥有汽车和电视机,我们甚至还可能会发现,普通人连滑 轮和杠杆的基本机械问题都不知所措,如何处理。另一方面,假如我们 将科学 心理学的全部知识从我们的世界全部加以摈弃,人际关系方面的问题将在很大程度 上与往常一样,可得到轻而易举的处理和解决。我们将仍然“知道”避免做某些要 求我们去做的事情,如何去让人同意我们的观点;我们将依然“知道”何时某人心 情愤怒,何时某人心情愉快。我们甚至还能对相当一部分自我在行为和情感上的“为 什么”提出明智的解释。换言之,普通人对自我和对他人具有一种巨大和深刻的理 解,这种理解虽然不曾得到系统阐述,或仅仅只是隐隐约约构想到,仍然能致使一 个人以或多或少是适应的方式与他人交往。Kohler在提到心理学相对于物理学而言 缺乏伟大的发现时,对这一情形解释道:“在科学心理学建立之前的很长一段时期, 人们早就熟识了精神生活的几乎全部领域。” 矛盾的是,虽然拥有这样一种与生俱有的、直觉和常识性的能力来理解人类关 系,有关人类关系的科学却是最后获得发展的学科之一。对于这一矛盾,人们提出 了诸般不同的解释。其中之一便是,科学会摧毁人们对自身所怀有的自负的和令人 快慰的幻觉;但我们不妨提出这样一个问题,即人们对为什么一直喜爱阅读那些悲 观的和揭露性的作品,自《传道书》(《圣约·旧约》中的一卷)至弗洛易德?此外, 有人也提出这样一种解释,即正因为我们藉我们的本能知道了那么多有关人们的情 况,所以就不再有太大的积极性去从科学的角度研究他们;我们为什么有必要建立 >一种理论,作出系统的观察,或对不证自明、不言而喻的事物进行预测呢?但不管 情况怎样,人类关系这一领域,以它大量文学性质的文献资料但却寥寥无几的研究, 与物理学这一领域形成了巨大的反差对比,因为在物理学领域中,相对而言,不科 学的书籍几乎没有。
The author s statement that "Psychology holds a unique position among the sciences"(lines 11-13) is supported by which of the following claims in the passage? The full meaning of a human relationship may not be obvious. Commonsense understanding of human relations can be incisive. Intuitive knowledge in the physical sciences is relatively advanced. Subjective bias is difficult to control in psychological research. Psychological facts are too imprecise to lead to great discoveries.
———————————————————————— 答案:(B) 自古以来,人类关系就一贯倍受人们的关注重视。人们的行为方式被记载在不 胜枚举的神话、民间传说、小说、诗歌、戏剧,以及通俗的或富于哲理性的论文中。 虽然某种人类关系的全部意义并不一定会直接明显地体现出来,然而,对于那些一 目了然的情感和行动,其复杂性却是巨大的。正因为这一原因,心理学在全部学科 中占据着一个独特的位置。“直觉性”知识可能具有令人瞩目的入木三分的洞悉力, 并能大大地帮助我们理解人类行为,而此与相反,在自然科学中,这类常识性的知 识则显得相对的原始。倘若我们将科学物理学的全部知识从我们的现代世界中彻底 抹去,我们将不仅仅不会拥有汽车和电视机,我们甚至还可能会发现,普通人连滑 轮和杠杆的基本机械问题都不知所措,如何处理。另一方面,假如我们 将科学 心理学的全部知识从我们的世界全部加以摈弃,人际关系方面的问题将在很大程度 上与往常一样,可得到轻而易举的处理和解决。我们将仍然“知道”避免做某些要 求我们去做的事情,如何去让人同意我们的观点;我们将依然“知道”何时某人心 情愤怒,何时某人心情愉快。我们甚至还能对相当一部分自我在行为和情感上的“为 什么”提出明智的解释。换言之,普通人对自我和对他人具有一种巨大和深刻的理 解,这种理解虽然不曾得到系统阐述,或仅仅只是隐隐约约构想到,仍然能致使一 个人以或多或少是适应的方式与他人交往。Kohler在提到心理学相对于物理学而言 缺乏伟大的发现时,对这一情形解释道:“在科学心理学建立之前的很长一段时期, 人们早就熟识了精神生活的几乎全部领域。” 矛盾的是,虽然拥有这样一种与生俱有的、直觉和常识性的能力来理解人类关 系,有关人类关系的科学却是最后获得发展的学科之一。对于这一矛盾,人们提出 了诸般不同的解释。其中之一便是,科学会摧毁人们对自身所怀有的自负的和令人 快慰的幻觉;但我们不妨提出这样一个问题,即人们对为什么一直喜爱阅读那些悲 观的和揭露性的作品,自《传道书》(《圣约·旧约》中的一卷)至弗洛易德?此外, 有人也提出这样一种解释,即正因为我们藉我们的本能知道了那么多有关人们的情 况,所以就不再有太大的积极性去从科学的角度研究他们;我们为什么有必要建立 一种理论,作出系统的观察,或对不证自明、不言而喻的事物进行预测呢?但不管 情况怎样,人类关系这一领域,以它大量文学性质的文献资料但却寥寥无几的研究, 与物理学这一领域形成了巨大的反差对比,因为在物理学领域中,相对而言,不科 学的书籍几乎没有。
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